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Bx61 microscope

Manufactured by Olympus
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The BX61 microscope by Olympus is a high-performance, motorized research microscope designed for advanced imaging applications. The microscope features a sturdy frame, precise optics, and a range of motorized components for efficient and accurate sample observation and analysis.

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746 protocols using bx61 microscope

1

Immunohistochemical Staining of Frozen Tumor Sections

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Frozen tumor fragments were sectioned into 5 μm sections. Cryo-sections were fixed in a mix of acetone and methanol (2:1 volumes) at room temperature for 5 min. Air-dried sections were hydrated by three PBS incubations, 2 min each, at room temperature. Endogenous peroxidase activity was quenched with 3% H2O2 for 10 min, and endogenous biotin was blocked with the Avidin/Biotin Blocking Kit (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). We also performed a blocking step with 5% FBS and 1 μg/ml FcBlock (BD Biosciences) for 30 min in PBS, prior to incubation of sections with primary antibody. Rat anti-CD45 antibody was diluted in 5% FBS in PBS and incubated on the tissue for 1 h. Sections were washed and the antibody was detected using the ABC Vectastain kit and DAB, 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). We performed counterstaining with Harrys Hematoxylin (VectorLaboratories) and Eosin (Sigma–Aldrich), dehydrated the tissue sections and mounted with Permount (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) and a coverslip. Images were acquired with a BX61 Olympus microscope (Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan).
Transversal 5 μm spleen cryo-sections, were fixed as described above, stained with Harrys Hematoxylin, washed, dehydrated, and mounted with Permount and a coverslip. Images were acquired with a BX61 Olympus microscope (Olympus Corporation).
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2

Microscopic Analysis of Pollen Grains

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Pollen grains were immersed in various staining solutions. Grains stained for 15 min with 0.1% calcofluor white were then monitored for the presence of intine under a UV light with an Olympus BX61 microscope. Grains stained with 0.001% auramine O in 17% sucrose were examined for exine, using the FITC channel of the Olympus BX61 microscope. Staining with Lugol’s iodine was used to detect the presence of starch.
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3

Tumor Microenvironment Analysis in Mice

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After 31 days of growth, tumor volumes in the PD-1 Ab group had reached the maximum allowed size according to the IACUC approved protocol. Mice were ethically euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation and cervical dislocation and were weighed. Pancreatic tumors were excised, weighed, and fixed in 4% paraffin formaldehyde. Eight μm cuts of paraffin-embedded tumors were mounted on slides for staining. Tumor-associated fibrosis was revealed with Masson’s trichrome stain. Images from each slide were captured using a 20X objective lens on an Olympus BX61 microscope with a DP73 camera (N=10 per group). Analysis of Masson’s trichrome was done using software by Image-J by two investigators blinded to treatment of the area of fibrosis.
For immunohistochemistry analysis of TILs, 5 μm fixed tumor sections were stained with either CD8 Ab (1:75; eBioscience); or Foxp3 Ab (1:30; eBioscience) and immunoreactive cells were counted manually. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) were reacted with an F4/80 Ab (1:40; eBioscience) and images were taken on an Olympus BX61 microscope with a DP73 camera. The number of immunoreactive cells per slide, were counted with image-J computer software by investigators blinded to the treatments.
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4

In Vitro Pollen Germination Assay

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To calculate the in vitro germination ratio, the viable pollen grains were germinated in solid and liquid pollen germination media. The liquid pollen germination medium consists of 20% sucrose, 10% polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG4000), 3 mM Ca(NO3)2 , 40 mg/L H3BO3 , and 10 mg/L thiamine (Vitamin B1) [33 (link)]. To make a solid germination medium, we added 1% agarose to the liquid medium. When the rice flowers reached anthesis, the fully mature pollen grains were collected in germination media immediately. Afterward, pollens on the germination media were incubated at 28 °C for about 30 min. We kept the humidity to prevent the germination medium from drying and observed the pollens using a BX61 microscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). The pollen germination state and tube length were measured using Image J software [58 (link)]. More than 100 pollens were analyzed daily for a week. Ruthenium red and Calcofluor white were used for pectin, intine staining. All histochemical staining was incubated at room temperature for 15 min [31 (link),33 (link)]. The stained pollen grains were observed using the Olympus BX61 microscope.
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5

Visualizing Citrus Plastids and Tissues

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To prepare frozen sections, the flavedo pieces (about 5 mm3) were fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde and 4% paraformaldehyde in a 20 mM sodium cacodylate buffer at pH 7.0 and 4 °C overnight. The fixed samples were embedded in super cryoembedding medium (Leica Microsystems K.K., Tokyo, Japan) within liquid N2. Thin cryosections were cut and transferred to glass slides, and then visualized by an Olympus BX61 microscope with a DP70 CCD camera (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan).
For light microscopy, the isolated plastids were carefully layered onto microscope slides and visualized using an Olympus BX61 microscope with a DP70 CCD camera (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Samples of flavedo tissues for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis were prepared and observed as described by Zeng et al. [3 (link)].
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6

Detailed Morphological Analysis of Hippocampal Neurons

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Only neurons that had no obvious truncation of their dendritic and axonal profiles were used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of their morphology (n = 63). Neurons were photographed at various magnifications (Olympus BX61 microscope equipped with fluorescence and SIS Analysis software) to document their dendritic morphology and axonal projection pattern. All cells matching the selective criteria were reconstructed using the NEUROLUCIDA software (MicroBrightfield Europe; Magdeburg, Germany) equipped to an Olympus BX61 microscope. These reconstructions provided the basis for further quantitative morphological analysis of the following parameters: (1) total length of axonal collaterals; (2) maximal horizontal field span of axonal collaterals; (3) axonal endings (following the NEUROLUCIDA software terminology to define terminal points); (4) total length of the dendritic tree; (5) dendritic endings and (6) horizontal soma diameter (pole-to-pole). The field span was corrected for curvature using the borders of the dentate gyrus as a reference. For all data, means ± standard deviation (SD), maximum and minimum values are given. Statistics were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics Ver. 22 (IBM Corp, Armonk, USA).
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7

Immunofluorescence Assay for Antibody Detection

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Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) was performed on frozen human skin sections after mAb injection. Bound antibody in human skin was detected with Alexa Fluor 594 anti-human IgG (Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY) in TBS buffer containing 1mM CaCl2 and 1% BSA and visualized using an Olympus BX61 microscope.
Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) was performed by incubating serial dilutions of IgG1 or IgG4 mAbs on frozen normal human skin sections (obtained through the Penn Skin Disease Research Center) in TBS buffer containing 1mM CaCl2 and 1% BSA. Bound antibody was subsequently detected with FITC-conjugated anti-human lambda light chain (clone JDC-12, Abcam, Cambridge, MA) and visualized using an Olympus BX61 microscope. The titer is reported as the last dilution at which epidermal cell surface staining is clearly positive.
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8

Wound Repair in Aged Rat Vaginas

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Vaginas from young and aged rats were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde at days 1, 3 and 7 post-injury for comparative histology (n=3-7 per group). For arginase activation experiments, aged rat tissue was collected at day 3 post-injury (n=6 per group). Following embedding, sections (6 μm) were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and imaged on an Olympus BX61 microscope at 10X magnification. Wound closure measurements were performed by measuring the migration distance of the wound edge neo-epithelium as a percentage of total wound length. For immunofluorescent staining, sections were incubated in goat anti-Arg1 (N-20, Santa- Cruz Biotechnology, TX, US), rabbit anti-iNOS (Polyclonal, Novus Biologicals, CO, US) and rabbit anti-Ki67 (SP6, Cell Marque, MilliporeSigma) primary antibodies followed by appropriate Alexa Fluor conjugated secondary antibodies (all from Jackson ImmunoResearch Europe Ltd, Cambridgeshire, UK). Samples were counterstained and mounted with VECTASHIELD® Antifade Mounting Media with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; Vector Laboratories, CA, US). Fluorescent images were captured on an Olympus BX61 microscope. Analysis was performed by counting positively stained cells per mm2 of tissue.
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9

Immunohistochemistry and Immunocytochemistry Protocols

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IHC analysis and H-scoring of the FFPE tissue sections was performed as described earlier [57 (link)]. Images were captured using an Olympus BX61 microscope using image pro plus software (Olympus, Center Valley, PA, USA) at 10 × and 20 × optical magnifications. The human samples contained a collection of grade II, III and IV tumor sections (n = 38) with adjacent normal portions wherever possible.
For ICC, cells were seeded on coverslips and processed as described earlier [52 (link)]. Epifluorescence images were captured using an Olympus BX61 microscope and image pro plus software (Olympus) and confocal images with an Andor spinning disc confocal microscope (Andor Technology, Belfast, UK) and Andor iXon 8797 EMCCD camera using andor iq2 software, both at 60 × optical magnification.
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10

Stereological Quantification of Dopaminergic Neurons

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Stereological quantification of TH-immunoreactive (TH-ir) DA neurons was performed using optical fractionator probe (Baquet et al. 2009; Suresh et al. 2018; Vidyadhara et al. 2017 ). On every selected midbrain section, the SN was delineated using a 4X objective of Olympus BX61 Microscope (Olympus Microscopes, Japan) equipped with StereoInvestigator (Version 8.1, Micro-brightfield Inc., Colchester, USA). We counted the TH-ir cells using high power objective (100X), with a regular grid interval of 22500μm² (x=150μm, y=150μm) and counting frame of size 3600μm² (x=60μm, y=60μm). A guard zone of 4μm was implied on both sides resulting in an optical dissector of 17µm. Quantification was performed in both hemispheres and pooled to derive total numbers.
The nigral volume was measured by principles of contour planimetry by delineating the nigra with 10X objective of Olympus BX61 Microscope (Olympus Microscopes, Japan) during stereological quantification. Evaluation interval, section thickness and grid spacing were identical to that of the parameters for stereological estimates of neuronal numbers. Besides, we qualitatively evaluated the ventral midbrain by light microscopy (4X, Leica DM 750) at different time points, to derive the developmental time-point of attaining adult architecture.
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