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536 protocols using lc 20ad

1

LC-MS/MS Analysis of Biological Samples

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LC-MS/MS analysis of plasma, kidney, liver, skin, and spleen samples was carried out using a Shimadzu LC-20AD coupled with an AB Sciex API 4000 (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). Standard curve samples (20 µL), quality control samples and rat plasma samples were mixed with 60 µL of acetonitrile containing internal standard (200 ng/mL of tolbutamide or 50 ng/mL of propranolol) in Eppendorf tubes. After vortexing the mixture for 1 minute, the mixture was centrifuged for 10 minutes at 13,000 rpm at 4°C and then the supernatant (50 µL) was transferred to a 96-well plate which was pre-added in 150 µL of water. After shaking the samples for 10 minutes, 10 µL of sample was injected into LC-MS/MS. The separation was carried out on a Thermo Betasil C18 column (2.1×50 mm, 5 µm particle size) with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in water (A) and acetonitrile (B) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/minute. Method: 10% B (0–0.5 minutes), 10%–95% B (0.5–1.1 minutes), 95% B (1.1–1.4 minutes), 95%–10% B (1.4–1.5 minutes), 10% B (1.5–2.2 minutes). Mass transitions: 260.3/116.2 for propranolol (internal standard); 761.4/289.1 for BMK-20113.
The lung, muscle, and CSF samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS using a Shimadzu LC-20AD coupled with an AB Sciex API 4000. The other analytical conditions are the same as those used for the plasma, kidney, liver, skin, and spleen samples.
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2

YKSCH Phytochemical Profiling by HPLC

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YKSCH extract was mixed and shaken with 50% MeOH, and the supernatant was subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The HPLC profile of YKSCH was obtained using a Shimazu LC-20AD liquid chromatography equipped with a SPD-M30A detector with a scanning range of 245 nm and a reversed-phase column (YMC-pack ProC18, 2.0 mm i.d. × 150 mm, 12 nm, column temperature: 20°C). The column was equipped with solvent A (0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile) and solvent B (0.1% formic solution), and the ratio of solvent A was increased from 5% to 70% over 90 min, and remained at 70% over 10 min, with a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min.
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3

HPLC-UV Determination of Tripeptide-3

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HPLC-UV chromatography system (Shimazu LC-20AD, Kyoto, Japan) was employed for determination of Tripeptide-3. A reversed-phase C-18 column, (Eclipse XDB, 4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 µm, Agilent, CA, USA) with a gradient-elution programmed analysis employed the mobile phase consisted of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid and acetonitrile (ACN) as polar and non-polar mobile phases, respectively. The step gradient elution at a flow rate of 1 mL/min was performed by increasing the ACN from 8% to 16% for 21 min., then to 50% in 4 min, holding at this composition for 3 min, before decreasing ACN to 8% and holding at this composition, before a next injection that led to a total analytical time of 35 min per sample. The column temperature was maintained at 30 °C. A sample solution of 50 µL was injected into the column. The detection was carried out at 215 nm with a UV detector. The HPLC method validation was performed; the assay was linear (coefficient of determination, R2 > 0.999) in the Tripeptide-3 concentration range of 0.312–50.0 µg/mL with the lowest quantitation concentration of 312 ng/mL. An accuracy (% recovery) in the range of 90–106% was obtained with the intra- and inter-day precision (RSD) of less than 2.18%. The stability of the Tripeptide-3 in various pH of the colloidal dispersion and 24 h in autosampler was also determined.
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4

Comprehensive Analysis of Pork Quality Attributes

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Contents of moisture, crude protein, IMF, ash, and inosinic acid in LT were measured by freeze-dryer (ALPHA 2–4 LSC, Christ Martin GmbH), automatic nitrogen analyzer (8400, FOSS, Denmark), fat analyzer (2055 SOXTEC, FOSS, Denmark), box resistance furnace (SX2-4-10N, Yiheng, Shanghai, China), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, LC-20AD, Shimazu, Japan), respectively, as described previously (16 (link)). Briefly, the contents of moisture, crude protein, IMF, and ash were analyzed by the freeze-drying method, Kjeldahl method, Soxhlet extraction, and burning method, respectively.
The sample preparation procedure comprised homogenization of LT (0.1 g) and 0.9% saline (0.9 mL), and 1,500 r/min for 2 min, followed by centrifugation at 3,500 × g for 15 min at 4°C to collect the supernatant. Then, contents of cholesterol, triglyceride, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined according to the instructions (F001-1-1, F002-1-1, A003-2-2, A015-1-2, A005-1-2, A001-1-2; Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China). The plate was read by a multi-functional enzyme labeling instrument (Spectra Max M5, Molecular Devices, USA) at 532 nm (MDA), 520 nm (T-AOC), 412 nm (GSH-Px), and 450 nm (SOD).
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5

RP-HPLC Analysis of Sugars in Digested Fractions

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A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was used for the separation and determination of sugars (sucrose, glucose, and fructose) in the digested fractions. The supernatants collected from simulated digestion were first filtered through 0.45 µm membrane filter (Advantec, Tokyo, Japan). The chromatographic separation was performed using HPLC system (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) equipped with pump (LC-20 AD), refractive index detector (RID-20A), column (Shim-pack SCR-101N), oven (CTO-20 AC), and degassing unit (DGU-20A3). The mobile phase, ultrapure water, was pumped at a flow rate of 0.8 mL min−1 under isocratic elution at a constant oven temperature of 60 °C. Analytical data were collected and processed by LabSolutions software (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan).
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6

HPLC Quantification of Phytochemicals

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Four phytochemicals (chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid, and quercetin) were quantified using an HPLC analysis system (Shimadzu chromatographic system, Shimadzu, Japan). The HPLC system consists of an LC pump (LC-20AD), autosampler (SIL-20AC HT), HPLC column oven (CTO-20A), a photodiode array detector (SPD-M20A), system controller (CBM-20A) and a Shimazu LCsolution® software. An Inertsil® ODS-3 analytical column 5020-01732 (reversed-phase C18 column) was used for the analysis (22 (link)). The HPLC-grade chemical standards and fruit extract samples were prepared in 1 mL of Milli-Q® type 1 ultrapure water (Merck Millipore, USA) followed by sonication for 30 sec, filtered through a 0.45 μm nylon filter, and kept on ice throughout the process to protect the biomolecules from degradation. The mobile phases and detection wavelengths are shown in Table 1. Several solvent combinations were developed and optimized to obtain good separation of peaks and symmetry of peak shapes referring to Sawant et. al. (23 ). The determination of each of the phytochemical contents was extrapolated from HPLC standard curves ranging between 0 and 100 μg/mL. Each sample was injected at least three times and the means of data points were presented.
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7

Quantitative HPLC Analysis of Flavonoids

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An HPLC (LC-20AD, Shimazu Corp., Kyoto, Japan) system with a Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C 18 Column (4.6×250 mm, 5 μm; Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and a UV detector was used for quantitative analysis of hesperidin, hesperetin, naringin, and narigenin. Solvent A (methanol) and solvent B (0.5% acetic acid) were used as mobile phase solvents and the flow rate was set to 1.0 mL/min. Gradient elution was carried out with the following gradients: maintain the ratio of solvent A and solvent B at 15:85 (v/v) for 3 min, increase the ratio to 85:15 over 30 min and hold for 2 min, then decrease back to 15:85 over 3 min and hold for 5 min. The injection volume was set to 10 μL, column temperature to 31℃, and UV detection to 280 nm. A standard solution was prepared up to 500 ppm, and the standard curve was obtained through HPLC analysis under the same conditions, and the contents of hesperedin, hesperetin, naringin, and narigenin were quantified.
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8

Identification and Quantification of Bioactive Compounds

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APL extract (Cat.#: HL-210302) was obtained from Xi’an Huilin Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanxi, China), Iso was acquired from Amylet Scientific Inc. (Michigan, USA), and verapamil (Ver) was obtained from HeFeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Pentobarbital sodium was acquired from Shanghai Rongbai biological technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), 4% paraformaldehyde solution was acquired from Labgic technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China), and sodium chloride injection was acquired from Shijiazhuang No.4 pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Hebei, China). Shimadzu LC-20AD was purchased from Shimadzu (Tokyo, Japan). Acetonitrile, methanol, and formic acid (chromatographic pure) were obtained from Fisher Chemical (Pittsburgh, PA, USA), while ellagic acid (≥98%), (+)-catechin (≥98%), quercetin (≥98%), quercitrin (≥98%), and taxifolin (≥98%) standard substances were obtained from Alfa Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Chengdu, China).
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9

Quantification of T-DM1, Tucatinib, and Neratinib

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BT-474 cells (5 × 105 cells/mL per condition) were plated and incubated overnight in media containing T-DM1 (1 µg/mL) and/or tucatinib or neratinib (30 nmol/L). For both intracellular and extracellular drug quantification, cells were centrifuged to isolate the cell pellet from supernatant. Untreated media and cell pellets were used as blank matrix to prepare standard curves. Spiking solutions in H2O/acetonitrile (ACN) were made using reference material of DM1 and Lys-MCC-DM1 (MedChemExpress) and spiked into untreated matrix to make an eight-point standard curve. Ansamitocin, as an internal standard, was added to all standards and samples. Samples were lysed in the presence of protease inhibitor cocktail using sonication, and underwent reduction, precipitation, and alkylation. Extracts were analyzed via LC/MS-MS using a Sciex 6500+ (AB Sciex) coupled to a Shimadzu LC-20AD (Shimadzu) with a Discovery C18 column (Supelco Discovery HS-C18, 2.1 × 50 mm, 3 µm; Sigma-Aldrich) with ACN plus 0.1% formic acid and water plus 0.1% formic acid used as mobile phases. For unknown concentrations, DM1 and Lys-MCC-DM1 analyte to internal standard peak area ratios were calculated and translated into concentrations using the standard curve. Results were averaged over three replicates and graphed using Prism. Additional method details are available in the Supplementary Materials and Methods.
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10

Venom Fractionation and Analysis

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A Shimadzu LC–20AD (Shimadzu, Scientific Instruments, Sydney, Australia), pump was used and peak elution was monitored with a Shimadzu SPD-20A detector set at an absorbance of 214 nm. Lyophilized whole venom was reconstituted in Millipore water (Merk Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA) at a concentration of 10 mg/mL for protein recovery for 1D SDS-PAGE. Injection volume was 200 µL. The method used was as follows: Mobile phase A was water with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), mobile phase B was 100% acetonitrile with 0.1% TFA. Flow rate was 1 mL/min. The gradient used was 0% to 5% over 10 min, 5% to 15% over20 min, then 15% to 45% over 120 min, then 45% to 70% over 20 min, and finally 70% to 100% over 15 min. Software processing and peak integration was done using LabSolutions (2010–2017 Shimadzu Corporation, Sydney, Australia). After collection, the venom fractions were frozen at −80 °C and then lyophilized on a 4.5 L −105 °C freeze dryer (Labconco, Kansas City, Missouri).
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