3 4 5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl 2 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide mtt

UA was purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Pluronic F127 was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). C₁₈-PEI was synthesized from our previous methods.^{22 (link)} 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were obtained from Solarbio Science & Technology (Beijing, China). Annexin V-fluoroisothio cyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) apoptosis detection kit, Cell Cycle and Apoptosis Analysis Kit and RIPA lysis buffer and blocking buffer were obtained from Beyotime (Shanghai, China). Rabbit polyclonal antibodies against caspase-3 and caspase-8 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Rabbit polyclonal antibodies against Fas and FasL were procured from Biosynthesis Biotechnology (Beijing, China). Rabbit polyclonal antibodies against β-actin were supplied by Proteintech (Wuhan, China). HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit was from Earthox (Millbrae, CA, USA). Other chemicals, if not specified, were all commercially available and used as received. The deionized water, with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm⁻¹, was obtained from Milli-Q Gradient System (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) and used for all of the experiments.

Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ) and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid) (ABTS) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO); Calycosin (purity, ≥98%), formononetin (purity, ≥98%) were purchased from Mairier company (Shanghai, China); Ferulic acid (purity, ≥98%) and isoferulic acid (purity, ≥98%) were purchased from Yuanye Company (Shanghai, China); Fetal bovine serum (FBS), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s minimum essential medium (DMEM) and Trypsin-EDTA (0.25% trypsin with EDTA-4Na) were purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY); The mixture of penicillin and streptomycin, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were obtained from Solarbio (Beijing, China); HPLC-grade acetonitrile was obtained from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA); Water was purified using a Milli-Q system from Millipore (Bedford, MA).

Curcumin (Cur) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (ALA·HCl), iron (III) chloride (FeCl₃), 1,10-phenanthroline, and methylene blue (MB) were purchased from Aladdin. 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) were purchased from Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology. Mito-tracker green, cell plasma membrane staining kit with DiD, and Ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B were obtained from beyotime. FeRhoNox-1 (Fe²⁺ indicator) and hydroxyphenyl fluorescein (HPF) were purchased from Shanghai Maokang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), biliverdin (BV), and bilirubin (BR) were obtained from Shanghai yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. BODIPY 581/591 C11 was purchased from Cayman Chemical Company. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from PAN. Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium, penicillin-streptomycin, trypsin-EDTA, and PBS (1×, pH 7.4) were purchased from M&C gene Technology (Beijing) Ltd. Anti-Glutathione Peroxidase 4 antibody (ab125066), Anti-FACL4 antibody (ab227256) were purchased from Abcam.