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93 protocols using 1 methylimidazole

1

Synthesis of Metal-Organic Frameworks

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Zinc nitrate hexahydrate
(≥99% purity), 2-methylimidazolate (Hmim, 99% purity), dipotassium
phosphate (≥98% purity), 1-methylimidazole (96% purity), potassium
dihydrogen phosphate (≥99% purity), glutaraldehyde solution
(25% in H2O), titanium(IV) isopropoxide (TIPO, ≥97%
purity), tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS, 98% purity), Pluronic P123,
and poly(styrenesulfonate) sodium salt (PSS) were purchased from Aldrich
Chemical Co. Unless noted otherwise, all chemicals were used without
further purification.
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids

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Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), silver nitrate (AgNO3), copper chloride (CuCl2), (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTMS), 1-methyl imidazole, 1-butyl imidazole, bromoethane, 1-bromohexane, tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr), and polyvinyl butyral (PVB, Butvar® B-98) were purchased from Aldrich. All chemicals were used as received. 1-Methyl-4-hexylimidazolium bromide (MHImBr), 1-butyl-4-ethylimidazolium bromide (BEImBr), and 1-butyl-4-hexylimidazolium bromide (BHImBr) were synthesized and purified according to previous reports.32 –34 (link) The structures of synthesized ILs are listed in Table 1.
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3

Synthesis and Characterization of Styrene-Vinylbenzyl Chloride Copolymers

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Styrene (99%, Alfa Aesar) and 4-vinylbenzyl chloride (90%, Aldrich) monomers were purified before use by passing them through basic aluminum oxide (98%, Acros Organics) to remove stabilizing agents. The chemical reagents including azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) (99%, Otsuka chemical), 1-methylimidazole (99%, Aldrich), N-b-hydroxyethyl oleyl imidazoline (HEOImn) (99%, Chem Service), and potassium hydroxide (>85%, Acros Organics) were used without further purifications. All the solvents used in this work such as toluene (Sigma Aldrich), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Acros Organics), anhydrous methanol (Macron Fine Chemicals), isopropyl alcohol (Macron Fine Chemicals), chloroform (Sigma Aldrich) were ACS reagent grade. The standard solutions for the titration analysis, 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution and 0.1 M hydrochloric acid solution, were purchased from Honeywell Fluka. Nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen gases with a high purity of greater than 99.99% were provided from local manufacturer (Jing-Shang gas).
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4

Synthesis of Imidazolium-based Ionic Liquids

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1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA), H3PMo12O40·26H2O (99.9% Merck, Kennallsburg, NJ, USA), H3PW12O40·15H2O (purum, Aldrich), 1-methylimidazole (Aldrich), bromobutane (Aldrich), bromododecane (Aldrich), Merrifield resin (Aldrich), EtOH (Aldrich), DMF (Aldrich), dichloromethane (Aldrich), Acetone (Aldrich), Cyclohexene (Aldrich), 35% H2O2 (Acros, Geel, Belgium) were used as received
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5

Preparation of Phosphate Buffers

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Potassium acetate and potassium phosphate salts were obtained from Fisher Scientific. Imidazole, 1-methylImidazole, and 4-nitroImidazole were obtained from Aldrich Chemical Co. Buffers between pH 4.0 and 5.5 were 0.010 M acetate with added KH2PO4 to adjust the ionic strength. Between pH 5.5 and 8.0, the buffers were mixtures of KH2PO4 and K2HPO4, controlling ionic strength to the desired values.
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6

Potassium Salt Buffers for pH Adjustment

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Potassium acetate and potassium phosphate salts were obtained from Fisher Scientific. Imidazole, 1-methylImidazole and 4-nitroImidazole were obtained from Aldrich Chemical Co. Buffers, pH 4.0 to 5.5, were 0.010 M acetate with sufficient KH2PO4 to adjust the ionic strength to 0.100 M. Between pH 5.5 and 8.0, the buffers were mixtures of KH2PO4 and K2HPO4 with an ionic strength 0f 0.100 M.
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7

Ramie Fiber Reinforced PLA Composites

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Pure
ramie fibers were
obtained from Stucken Melchers GmbH & Co. (Germany). l-Lactide was supplied by Purac (The Netherlands) and recrystallized
from dry toluene. Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (PEGME) (Mn = 2000 g·mol–1, with
a polydispersity index of 1.05) was provided
by Fluka Chemika. DBU as a metal-free catalyst was purchased from
Aldrich and distilled over barium oxide before use. Chloroform was
dried using a MBRAUN Solvent Purification System (model MB-SPS 800)
equipped with alumina drying columns. Heptane was purchased from VWR
used as received. Acetic acid was purchased from ChemLab. 1-Methylimidazole
(99%, Merck) and 11-bromoundecanol (Aldrich, 98%) were used as received.
A commercially available extrusion-grade PLA (NatureWorks 4032D) designed
especially for the production of biaxially oriented films was used
as received (Mn = 133 500 ±
5000 g·mol–1, = 1.94
± 0.06 as determined from SEC, and 1.4 ± 0.2% d-isomer content as determined by the supplier).
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8

Biphenyl Synthesis and Ionic Liquid Preparation

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For the CTF-biphenyl synthesis, anhydrous aluminum chloride (AlCl3; 98.5%) was received from Arcos Organics, cyanuric chloride (99%) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, and biphenyl (99%) from Alfa Aesar. biphenyl was recrystallized from ethanol before usage. For the synthesis of the IL, [BMIm][NTf2] 1-chlorobutane (99%) was purchased from Merck, 1-methylimidazole (99%) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li[NTf2]; 99%) were obtained from Fluorochem, activated charcoal (extra pure) from Merck, and acidic aluminum oxide (150 m2/g; Brockmann grade 1) from Alfa Aesar. The solvents acetone (≥99.8%), dichloromethane (DCM; 99.99%), and ethyl acetate (≥99%) were received from Fisher Scientific; and methanol (MeOH; ≥99.8%) and tetrahydrofuran (THF; ≥99.9%) from Sigma-Aldrich. The polymer Matrimid® 5218 (BTDA/DAPI) was provided by Huntsman Advanced Materials. The gases CO2 (grade 4.5), CH4 (grade 4.5), and He (grade 5.0) were received from Air Liquide.
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9

Polyphenol Quantification Protocol

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Monohydrate citric acid, ethanol (96% and absolute), acetone, chlorohydric acid (37%), sodium hydroxide (pellets), methanol (analytic grade), ammoniac (analytic grade), Folin–Ciocâlteu reagent, and monohydrate gallic acid were purchased from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain). The 1-methylimidazole was obtained from Merck (Barcelona, Spain). Glacial acetic acid and sorbitan monolaurate (Tween® 20) were obtained from Panreac AppliChem (Barcelona, Spain). Neocuprine, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and potassium bromide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain).
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10

Synthesis of Epoxy-Acrylate Composites

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Acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO, an average number of acryloyl groups per molecule calculated from 1H-NMR spectrum is 2.7 and 0.3 of epoxy groups), m-xylylenediamine (MXDA, 99%), 1-methylimidazole (1MI, 99%), methyltrioxorhenium (71–76%), sodium sulfite (≥98%), pyridine (99.8%) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Epoxidized linseed oil (ELO, an average number of epoxy groups per triglyceride calculated from 1H-NMR spectrum is 6) was purchased from Chemical Point UG (Oberhaching, Germany). Camelina oil was received from a private farm (Lithuania). Ethyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phenylphosphinate (TPOL) was purchased from Fluorochem (Hadfield, Derbyshire, UK). Sodium chloride (99.9%), sodium sulfate, tetrahydrofuran, toluene (99%), hydrogen peroxide, acetone, and dichloromethane (99%) were purchased from Eurochemicals (Kuprioniskes, Lithuania). All materials were used as received.
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