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8 protocols using ab108208

1

Immunoblotting Quantification of Apoptosis Markers

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Equal amounts of total protein (15 or 20 µg) were fractionated by SDS‐PAGE under reducing conditions (4%‐12% TGX gels, Bio‐Rad, Marnes la Coquette, France) and blotted onto nitrocellulose membranes (Bio‐Rad). The membranes were blocked with 5% BSA in TBS containing 0.1% Tween 20 (TBS‐T) and hybridized with the primary antibody of interest overnight at 4°C. Membranes were washed in TBS‐T and then hybridized with the secondary antibody for 1 hour at room temperature. Antibodies were diluted in TBS‐T containing 5% BSA. The membranes were washed with TBS‐T, and immune complexes were revealed by enhanced chemiluminescence (SuperSignal West Pico Chemiluminescent Substrate, Thermo Scientific) and imaged using the LAS‐3000 Luminescent Image analyzer and Image Gauge software (Fuji, FSVT). The antibodies used for Western blotting were directed against beta‐actin (Sigma‐Aldrich, #A2668), cleaved caspase 7 and 8 (Cell Signaling Technology, #9491 and “9496, respectively), LRP8 and cleaved PARP (Abcam, #ab108208 and #ab108208, respectively).
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2

Western Blot Analysis of ApoER2

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Brains were dissected and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. Proteins were obtained from frozen tissue by homogenizing tissue in a modified RIPA buffer (Jodelka et al, 2010) using a power homogenizer. Cells were lysed with Laemmli buffer. Proteins were boiled in sample buffer and separated on 8% SDS–PAGE and then transferred to PVDF membranes (Millipore). Membranes were blocked in 5% nonfat dry milk in 1× TBST and incubated with ApoER2 C‐terminal antibody ab108208 (1:2,000) (Abcam), ApoER2 exon 19‐specific antibody (1:1,000) (a gift from Joachim Herz) (Beffert et al, 2005), GFAP antibody (1:5,000) (ab7260, Abcam), SRSF1‐specific antibody (1:100)(a gift from Adrian Krainer), MetAP2‐specific antibody (1:200) (D3I1H, Cell Signalling), or β‐actin‐specific antibody (1:2,000) (Sigma‐Aldrich) followed by incubation with anti‐rabbit or anti‐mouse HRP‐conjugated antibody (1:5,000) (Thermo). Bands were visualized using ECL reagents (Millipore) and by exposing on autoradiography film. Blots were quantified using Image J software v1.48s (NIH).
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Markers

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Protein extracts were separated by 1D gel electrophoresis using NuPAGE 4–12% (w/v) Bis-Tris midi gels (Invitrogen, USA), and transferred onto PVDF membranes using an iBlot 2 transfer system (Invitrogen, USA), according to the manufacturer’s specifications. Immunoblots were performed to detect FLAG tag (1:1000, D6W5B, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), LRP8/APOER2 (1:2000; ab108208, Abcam, UK), β-ACTIN (1:5000, AC-15, Sigma-Aldrich, Australia), GPX4 (1:1000, ab125066, Abcam, USA), Notch1 (1:1000, D1E11, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), PS1 (1:1000, D39D1, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), or PS2 (1:1000, D30G3, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), SELENOP (B-9, Mouse mAb; sc-376858, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., USA), cleaved caspase 3 (Asp175; 1:1000, 5A1E, Rabbit mAb 9664; Cell Signaling Technology, USA), or cleaved caspase 7 (Asp198; 1:1000, D6H1, Rabbit mAb 8438) followed by appropriate HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:5000, Thermo, Australia). Chemiluminescence was detected using Pierce ECL (Thermo, Australia) and visualized using the LAS-3000 Imaging System (Fujifilm, Japan) or Odyssey® Fc Imaging System (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE). Representative blots for all proteins (including β-actin) are shown. Original western blots for all relevant figures are shown in “Supplementary Material—Original Blots”.
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4

Proteomics Analysis of Cell Signaling Pathways

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Proteins were extracted from cultured cells or culture medium using sodium dodecyl sulfate lysis buffer (2% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 10% glycerol, 0.1 mM dithiothreitol, and 0.2 M Tris–HCl, pH 6.8). Protein samples were resolved by SDS–PAGE and detected with indicated antibodies. The protein bands were quantified by densitometry analysis using Image J software and the intensity of each target protein was normalized by Tubulin intensity. Following antibodies were used: ApoE antibody from abcam (ab1907), LRP1 antibody from abcam (ab92544), LRP8 antibody from abcam (ab108208), LDLR antibody from abcam (ab52818), MT1 antibody from alomone (AMR-031), MT2 antibody from alomone (AMR-032), Akt antibody from CST (4691), Phospho-Akt (Ser473) antibody from CST (9271), eNOS antibody from abcam (ab76198), and Phosphor-eNOS (S1177) antibody from abcam (ab215717).
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5

Protein Expression Detection in Cell Samples

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Cultured cells were lysed with a 1×sample buffer. Conditioned medium, cultured medium and the samples lysed with TBS buffer were mixed with a 2×sample buffer and boiled for 5 min. Samples were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (10600001; Cytiva). The following antibodies were used: anti-ß-actin (C-15) mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) (A5441; Merck), MK (A-9) mouse mAb (sc-46701; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), RPS6 (5G10) rabbit mAb (#2217; CST), phospho-RPS6 (D57.2.2E) XP rabbit mAb (#4858; CST), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) (EPR18012-257) rabbit mAb (ab188200; Abcam). ALK (C26G7) rabbit mAb (#3333; CST), ApoER2 (EPR3326) rabbit mAb (ab108208; Abcam), Syndecan-2 rabbit antibody (#36-6200; Invitrogen), Horseradish Peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin (434323; Invitrogen) and peroxidase-conjugated rabbit anti-mouse IgG or goat anti-rabbit IgG (315-035-048 or 111-035-144; Jackson ImmunoResearch). Chemiluminescence was developed using the Immobilon Classico or Forte substrate (WBLUC0100 or WBLUF0100; Merck) and detected on the Amersham Imager 680 (Cytiva). Silver staining was conducted using PierceTM Silver Stain Kit (24612; Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Inc.) according to manufactures protocol.
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6

Immunofluorescence Imaging of ApoER2 in BMMC

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WT BMMC or Lrp8−/− KO BMMC were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 min, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 for 5 min, and blocked with 1% BSA-PBS for 30 min. Cells were then incubated with anti-ApoER2 polyclonal antibody (ab108208, Abcam) at RT for 1 h and followed by co-incubation with the secondary antibody (Alexa Fluro 594, anti-rabbit IgG) and DAPI dye solution (1:1000 dilution of a 1 mg/ml solution, 62248, ThermoFisher Scientific) for 45 min at RT in the dark. Images were acquired using the Echo Revolve 4 Hybrid Fluorescence microscope (San Diego, CA, USA).
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7

Western Blot Analysis of ApoER2

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Twenty micrograms of protein from each sample was electrophoresed on Bolt™ 4 to 12%, Bis-Tri Protein Gel (NW04122BOX, Thermo Scientific™, Invitrogen™) and electroblotted onto a nitrocellulose membrane (LC2000, Thermo Scientific™, Invitrogen™). The membrane was blocked with intercept (TBS) blocking buffer (LiCOR Catalog No. 927-60001) for 1 h at room temperature (RT), and then incubated for 3 h at RT with antibodies against ApoER2 (ab108208, Abcam for detecting ApoER2 in MC/9 lysates; A03444-2, Boster Bio for detecting ApoER2 in BMMC lysates) and β-Actin (5441, Sigma-Aldrich). The membrane was washed three times with TBS buffer and then incubated with IRDye800CW goat anti-rabbit (827-08-365, LiCOR) and IRDye680RD goat anti-mouse (926-68170, LiCOR) secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature. The membrane was washed three times with TBS buffer and fluorescence was detected using the LiCOR Odyssey CLX Imaging System. The samples presented in Fig. 5 were run on the same gel, blotted on the same membrane, using the same amount of total protein to allow for comparisons between the two cell types. 
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8

Immunofluorescence Staining of Antioxidant Proteins

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The primary antibodies used for immunofluorescence were: rabbit anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (1:2000; Z0334 DAKO, Carpinteria, CA, USA), rabbit anti-LRP8 (1:100; ab108208, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), rabbit anti-TXNRD1 (1:200; NBP1-96738, Novus, Littleton, CO, USA), mouse anti-SELENOM (1:200; sc-514952, Santa Cruz, Dallas, TEX, USA), rabbit anti-PV (1:2000; PV 27, Swant, Switzerland), mouse anti-PV (1:2000; PV 235, Swant), mouse anti-SELENBP1 (1:200; sc-373726, Santa Cruz), and rat anti-SELENOP (5 μg/mL; 9S4, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Iowa City, IA, USA). The SELENOP antibody targets the N-terminal domain and has been previously validated for immunohistochemistry in several published studies [17 (link),18 (link),19 (link)]. Tissue used for immunostaining was derived from adult male wild-type mice (n = 5) on a C57BL/6N background that were born and bred in the University of Hawaii Vivarium (Honolulu, HI, USA). All procedures and experimental protocols were approved by the University of Hawaii’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (ethical code: A3423-01).
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