Fluorescence images were obtained by a confocal fluorescence microscope (IX81, Olympus, Japan) with a 60x 1.1 NA water immersion objective (LUMFL, Olympus, Japan). The bright field images were taken by a CCD camera mounted on the same microscope (XC-ST30, Sony, Japan). Particle motion was captured by the CCD camera at a frame rate of 30 frames/second. Particle position was tracked by ImageJ and further processed by Matlab.
Lumfl
Manufactured by Olympus
Sourced in Japan
The LUMFL is a high-precision laboratory equipment designed for fluorescence measurement and analysis. The core function of the LUMFL is to accurately detect and quantify fluorescent signals, providing researchers with valuable data for a wide range of applications.
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Lab products found in correlation
4 protocols using lumfl
1
Particle motion tracking via microscopy
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Catalyst Characterization and Electrochemical Analysis
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The chemical compositions of the catalysts were characterized using SAED (SAED, TEM mode, JEOL 3010, 300 kV, 112 μA) and Raman spectroscopy (Modular System, Horiba Jobin Yvon). A He–Ne laser was used as the excitation source and the acquisition time was 10 seconds for each spectrum. A dry objective (Olympus MPlan N, 50×, numerical aperture = 0.75) and a water immersion objective (Olympus LUMFL, 60×, numerical aperture = 1.10) were, respectively, employed for ex situ and operando Raman spectroscopy. The morphologies of the catalysts were characterized by SEM (JEOL JSM-6710F, 5 kV). Their electrochemical-active surface areas were determined by their double layer capacitances in N2-saturated 0.1 M KClO4 (99.9%, Sigma Aldrich). A three-electrode setup was used with a Pt wire counter and a Ag/AgCl reference electrode (Saturated KCl, Pine). Cyclic voltammetry were performed in a non-faradaic region from −0.05 V to 0.05 V vs. RHE. The scan rates were 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 mV s−1.
3
In Situ Raman Spectroscopy for Electrochemical Analysis
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In situ Raman spectroscopy was carried out in a custom-designed H-type cell using a confocal Raman spectrometer (HORIBA, LabRAM HR Evolution). Copper foil coated with CuO-NSs was used as the working electrode with an exposed circular geometric surface area of ∼1 cm2. A platinum wire and an Ag/AgCl electrode (saturated KCl, Gaossunion Co., Ltd., Tianjin) were used as the counter and the reference electrode, respectively. 1.0 M KHCO3 aqueous solution was used as the anolyte and x M K2SO4 + y M KX (X = Cl, Br, I, 2x + y = 1) (Sigma Aldrich, 99%) was used as the catholyte and a bipolar membrane (FBM-PK) was used to separate the cathode and anode chambers. The excitation wavelength source was a visible light laser (532 nm). A water immersion objective lens (LUMFL, Olympus, 60×, numerical aperture: 1.10) was used to focus and collect the incident and scattered laser light. The Raman signal was recorded before, during and after applying potential, using a homemade electrochemical cell. The spectra were collected at OCP or under applied constant current density (−1 mA cm−2). Electrochemical measurements were carried out with a potentiostat (CompactStat.e20250, IVIUM).
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In situ Raman spectroscopy was carried out in a custom-designed H-type cell using a confocal Raman spectrometer (HORIBA, LabRAM HR Evolution). Copper foil coated with CuO-NSs was used as the working electrode with an exposed circular geometric surface area of ∼1 cm2. A platinum wire and an Ag/AgCl electrode (saturated KCl, Gaossunion Co., Ltd., Tianjin) were used as the counter and the reference electrode, respectively. 1.0 M KHCO3 aqueous solution was used as the anolyte and x M K2SO4 + y M KX (X = Cl, Br, I, 2x + y = 1) (Sigma Aldrich, 99%) was used as the catholyte and a bipolar membrane (FBM-PK) was used to separate the cathode and anode chambers. The excitation wavelength source was a visible light laser (532 nm). A water immersion objective lens (LUMFL, Olympus, 60×, numerical aperture: 1.10) was used to focus and collect the incident and scattered laser light. The Raman signal was recorded before, during and after applying potential, using a homemade electrochemical cell. The spectra were collected at OCP or under applied constant current density (−1 mA cm−2). Electrochemical measurements were carried out with a potentiostat (CompactStat.e20250, IVIUM).
4
In-situ Raman Spectroscopy of Electrochemical Cells
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Raman spectroscopy was performed with a Lab−RAM HR Raman microscopy system (Horiba Jobin Yvon, HR550) equipped with a 532 nm laser as the excitation source, a water immersion objective (Olympus LUMFL, 60×, numerical aperture = 1.10), a monochromator (1800 grooves/mm grating) and a Synapse CCD detector. Each spectrum is an average of five continuously acquired spectra with a collection time of 50 s each. A three-electrode electrochemical cell was used for in situ Raman tests. Pt wires and Ag/AgCl (3 M KCl) were used as counter and reference electrodes, respectively. To protect the objective from the corrosive 0.1 M KOH electrolyte, 0.01 M KOH (pH 12) was used instead. K2SO4 (≥ 99.0%) was added to ensure sufficient ionic conductivity (keeping the total concentration of K+ to be 0.1 M) and provides SO42− ions as an external Raman reference. Typically, in the presence of 0.01 M KNO3, the supporting electrolytes were 0.01 M KOH and 0.04 M K2SO4. In the absence of KNO3, the electrolytes were 0.01 M KOH and 0.045 M K2SO4.
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