Ascorbic acid c6h8o6

One-component model solutions were prepared by dissolving in 0.1 M HCl the required amounts of PtCl₄ (96%), PdCl₂ (99.9%), RhCl₃ (99.9%) and RuCl₃ (99.9%) supplied by Sigma Aldrich (Schnelldorf, Germany). Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP (M_w ≈ 55000, Sigma Aldrich) was used as the stabilizing agent. Sodium borohydride NaBH₄ (>98.0%, Sigma Aldrich), ascorbic acid C₆H₈O₆ (AA, p.a., Chempur, Piekary Śląskie, Poland), sodium formate HCOONa, and formic acid HCOOH (p.a., Sigma Aldrich) were used as reducing agents in the study.
To obtain NPs, scientists proposed the use of PVP as a stabilizing agent. Depending on the synthesis, it can be used as a surface stabilizer, growth modifier, and dispersant for NPs. As a stabilizer, PVP prevents particle aggregation caused by repulsive forces. This is because the polymer contains hydrophobic carbon chains that extend into the solvents and interact with each other as a steric hindrance effect [40 (link),41 (link)].

Human serum albumin (HSA) fraction V (Lot No. 4971 K) was obtained from MP Biomedicals. Kanamycin (KAN, Fig. 1a; Lot No. 48H0582) as well as 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS; Lot No. SLBZ8095), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; Lot No. STBH727) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, while neomycin sulfate (NEO, Fig. 1b; Series No. 010209) from PPH Galfarm Sp. z o. o. Potassium persulfate (K₂S₂O₈) and ascorbic acid (C₆H₈O₆) were purchased from Chempur. Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate pure p.a. (K₂HPO₄) and sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH₂PO₄) were from Eurochem BGD Sp. z o. o. All chemicals were of analytical grade and used without further purification.Fig. 1

The structural formula of a Kanamycin (KAN) and b neomycin (NEO) (ChemSketch 12.1.0.31258)

Losartan (LOS) was purchased from Biofarm sp. z o. o. Human serum albumin (HSA), factor V Lot No. 4971K and furosemide (FUR) Lot No. 2508J were purchased from MP Biomedicals. 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) Lot No. SLBZ8095 and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Lot No. STBH727 were from Sigma Aldrich, potassium persulfate (K₂S₂O₈) and ascorbic acid (C₆H₈O₆) from Chempur while di-Potassium hydrogen phosphate pure p.a. (K₂HPO₄) and sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate (NaH₂PO₄ × 2H₂O) from Eurochem BGD Sp. z o. o. All chemicals were of analytical grade and used without further purification.