L phenylalanine

Mars Global Simulant (MGS-1) Martian soil simulant (Exolith Lab, Orlando, Florida, USA), montmorillonite k-10 (Al₂O₉Si₃, Macklin), calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO_4·2H₂O, 99%, HUSHI)，and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃, 99%, HUSHI) were purchased and used as the associated mineral of target organic matter. Chitin ((C₈H₁₃O₅N)n, BR, Shanghai yuanyeBio), chitosan ((C₆HNO₄)n, 95%, Bide Pharmatech), α-cellulose ((C₆H₁₀O₅)n, Macklin), and glycine (C₂H₅NO₂, 99.5%, HUSHI), d-alanine (C₃H₇NO₂, 99%, Shanghai yuanyeBio), and l-phenylalanine (C₉H₁₁NO₂, 99%, Macklin) were chosen as target organic substances. Samples were further grind in an agate mortar for mixing before each experiment. The components of MGS-1 are mainly based on data gathered by Curiosity at Gale Crater [38 (link)]. For better illustrative purposes, the target organic compounds were further subdivided into two classes: amino acids and natural organic compounds (i.e., Non-amino acids component chitin, chitosan and cellulose).

All reagents and solvents were purchased from commercial sources and used as received without further purification. Melamine (C₃H₆N₆, 99%), potassium ferricyanide (K₃[Fe(CN)₆], AR), (1R)-(−)-10-CSA (99%), (1S)-(−)-10-CSA (99%), L-phenylalanine (99%), D-phenylalanine (98%), L(+)-glutamic acid (99%), D-glutamic acid (98%), L(−)-carvone (99%), S-(+)-carvone (97%), +CAM, 99% and TAD, 98% were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co. Ltd. (China). (+)-limonene (>95%), (−)-limonene (>95%) were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (TCI) Co. Ltd (Japan). NDA, 98% was purchased from ARK Pharm, Inc., USA. Ethanol (AR, ≥99.7%), concentrated sulfuric acid (AR, 95–98%), sodium chloride (NaCl, AR) and magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl₂·6H₂O, AR) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (China). Sucrose (AR), Rhodamine B (RhB, AR), methyl orange (MO, 96%), alizarin yellow R (AYR, AR), L-tryptophan (99%) and D-tryptophan (98%) were purchased from Aladdin Industrial Corporation (China). Fe(phen)₃Cl₂ was synthesized according to previous report ^{28 (link)}.