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6 protocols using ab2827

1

Immunofluorescence Staining of CD38 and RyR2

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Cells were fixed in in 4% paraformaldehyde/PBS for 15 min, washed in PBS (three changes, 5 min each), permeabilized using 0.1% Triton X-100 (Sigma-Aldrich) for 10 min, washed in PBS, and blocked with 1% bovine serum albumin for 60 min before being incubated with the primary antibody at 4 °C overnight. The next day, cells were first washed with PBS before being incubated with secondary antibody at room temperature for 2 h (either Alexa Fluor 488–conjugated donkey anti-rabbit or Dylight 550 donkey anti-mouse, 1:1000 dilution) and then washed. Finally, coverslips were mounted using Vectashield® and permanently sealed. Cells were stored in the dark at 4 °C and visualized within 2 days. For control experiments, we performed the same procedure with omission of the primary antibodies or with cells from CD38−/− mice. Primary antibodies against CD38 (sc-15362, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and RyR2 (ab2827, Abcam) were used at 1:100 and 1:200 dilution, respectively. Observations were carried out using a Nikon A1 confocal laser-scanning microscope equipped with a ×60 objective, and images were processed using ImageJ software.
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2

Antibody Validation for Cellular Imaging

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Primary rabbit polyclonal anti-REEP5 antibody (IB: 1:1000 dilution, IF: 1:800 dilution; 14643-1-AP; Proteintech), polyclonal anti-Nogo-A/B (IB: 1:1000 dilution, IF: 1:1000 dilution; PA1-41220; ThermoFisher), polyclonal anti-ATL3 antibody (IB: 1:1000 dilution, IF: 1:800 dilution; PA5-24652; ThermoFisher), polyclonal anti-CKAP4 antibody (IB: 1:1000 dilution, IF: 1:800 dilution; PA5-42926; ThermoFisher) and mouse monoclonal anti-Alpha sarcomeric actinin antibody (IF: 1:500 dilution; MA1-22863; ThermoFisher), monoclonal anti-Triadin antibody (IF: 1:500 dilution; MA3-927; ThermoFisher), monoclonal anti-RyR2 antibody (IF: 1:500 dilution; ab2827; Abcam) were used for immunocytochemistry and immunoblot studies. Anti-alpha tubulin (#2144), anti-GRp78 (#3177), anti-GRp94 (#2104), anti-GAPDH (#2118) antibodies from Cell Signaling; anti-ATF4 (ab216839), anti-Caspase12 (ab62484) antibodies from Abcam were used for immunoblot studies at 1:1000 dilution. Anti-GFP (sc390394) antibody from Santa Cruz Biotechnology was used for immunoblot studies at 1:1000 dilution.
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3

Immunolabeling of Calcium Signaling Proteins

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Cells cultured on glass coverslips were washed once with Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (PBS, Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA), fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (in PBS) for 5 min and permeabilized with 0.5% Triton-X (in PBS) (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA) for 10 min. Coverslips were washed twice with PBS for 5 min after which they were incubated with blocking buffer [PBS (10% FBS, 0.05% Triton-X)] for 1 h. After blocking, cells were incubated with primary antibody in blocking buffer for 1 h, washed, and incubated with secondary antibody in blocking buffer for 1 h. All labeling steps were performed at room temperature. Nuclei were stained with 14.3 μM DAPI (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA). Primary antibodies used were: Serca2 ATPase (mouse monoclonal, ab2861, Abcam, UK) (1:500 dilution), Ryanodine receptor (mouse monoclonal, ab2827, Abcam, UK) (1:100), IP3 receptor type 1 (rabbit polycolonal, ab111087, Abcam, UK) (1:100) and Sodium/calcium exchanger (mouse monoclonal, MA3-926, Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA) (1:100). Secondary antibodies were, anti-Mouse IgG (goat polyclonal, A11001, Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA) (1:750) and anti-Rabbit IgG (goat polyclonal, A21245, Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA) (1:750).
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4

Antibody Characterization for Protein Expression

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Rabbit polyclonal anti-Akt antibody (1:1000 for IB, 9272; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit polyclonal anti-pAkt-Ser473 antibody (1:1000 for IB, 9271; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit polyclonal anti-α-tubulin antibody (1:1000 for IB, 2144, Cell Signaling Technology), mouse monoclonal anti-α-actinin antibody (1:400 for IF, A7811; Sigma-Aldrich), mouse monoclonal anti-ryanodine receptor antibody (1:100 for IF, ab2827; Abcam), mouse monoclonal anti-dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) antibody (1:800 for IF, ab2864; Abcam), mouse monoclonal anti-sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) 2a antibody (1:200 for IF, MA3-919; Thermo-Fisher), rabbit polyclonal anti-STIM1 antibody (1:200, PA1-46217; Thermo-Fisher), mouse monoclonal PLN [2D12] antibody (1:500 for IF, 1:1000 for WB; ab2865, Abcam), mouse monoclonal FLAG antibody (1:500 for IF, 1:1000 for WB, F1804; Millipore-Sigma), mouse monoclonal anti-Reep5 antibody (1:500 for IF, 1:1000 for WB, 14643-1-AP; Proteintech), and rabbit monoclonal anti-KDEL antibody (1:250 for IF, ab176333; Abcam) were used in this study. Goat anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 488 secondary antibodies (nos. A-11034 and A-11011; Molecular Probes) were used at 1:800 dilution.
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5

Analyzing Cardiac Protein Expression

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Protein lysates from mouse heart tissues were harvested in radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer (RIPA, 50 mM Tris-HCl; pH7.4, 1% NP-40, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 0.1% SDS, 150 mM NaCl, 2 mM EDTA), supplemented with protease and phosphatase inhibitors (Roche), for 30 mins on ice, spun down at 15,000 × g at 4 °C. Soluble fractions were saved for immunoblotting. Protein lysates were heated for 5 min to either 65 °C or to boiling, run on 4–12% polyacrylamide gels and transferred onto 0.22–0.45 μm nitrocellulose membranes. After blocking for 1 hour with 5% milk in 0.05% TBS-Tween20, primary antibodies were added and incubated at 4 °C overnight: primary mouse monoclonal anti-DHPR (1:500 dilution; ab2864; Abcam), primary mouse monoclonal anti-RyR2 (1:1000 dilution; ab2827; Abcam), primary mouse monoclonal anti-PLN (1:1000 dilution; MA3-922; ThermoFisher), primary mouse monoclonal anti-SERCA2A (1:1000 dilution; MA3-919; ThermoFisher), and primary rabbit polyclonal anti-NCX1 (1:1000 dilution; ab151608; Abcam).
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6

Comprehensive Cardiac Protein Analysis

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Rabbit-Cav1.2 (ACC-003; Alomone Labs), rabbit-RyR2 (MA3-916; Thermo Fisher Scientific), mouse-RyR2 (ab2827; Abcam), mouse-SERCA (NB300-581; Novus Biological), rabbit-ser16-PLN (A010-12; Badrilla), rabbit-thr16-PLN (A010-13; Badrilla), mouse-PLN (A010-14; Badrilla), rabbit-HIF1α (NB100-479; Novus Biological), mouse-HIF2α (clone-190b, MilliporeSigma), rabbit-H3K36me3 (ab9050; Abcam), rabbit-H3K9me3 (ab8898; Abcam), rabbit-H3K4me3 (ab8580; Abcam), rabbit-H3 (ab1791; Abcam), mouse-actin (NB100-74340; Novus Biological), goat anti–rabbit-HRP (sc-2030; Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc.), goat anti–mouse-HRP (sc-2031; Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc.), goat anti–rabbit-AlexaFluor 488 (ab15007; Abcam), and goat anti–mouse AlexaFluor 594 (11032; Invitrogen).
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