Phenol

Bisphenol A, ibuprofen, phenol, Congo red, and amino black 10B were purchased from J&K Scientific Co., Ltd., Beijing, China. Tetrakis (4-aminophenyl) methane was purchased from Maclean Biochemical Technology Co. Ltd., China. All other reagents were of reagent grade and obtained from Bodi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Chongqing, China.

Tetrabutyl titanate [Ti(OC₄H₉)₄, TBT], H₂PtCl₆·6H₂O, and methyl orange (MO) were purchased from Tianjin Guangfu Fine Chemical Research Institute (China); ethanol, glycerol, and methanol were from Tianjin Yuanli Chemical Co., Ltd; Phenol was from J&K Chemical; RhB and Rose Bengal were from Aladdin Industry Corporation; Milli-Q ultrapure water with a resistivity higher than 18.2 MΩ·cm was used in all experiments. All the reagents were analytical grade and used as received.
2 g TBT was added into a solution of m (m = 0, 5, 10, 20, 30) mL glycerol and (80-m) mL ethanol under a magnetic stirring, and the solution was transferred into a 100 mL Teflon-lined autoclave and heated at 180 °C for 24 h. Then, the produced white powders (glycerolates) were collected, washed with absolute ethanol, dried at 60 °C overnight (labeled as G-m), and finally calcined in air at 470 °C for 1 h with a heating rate of 5 °C min⁻¹ (labeled as TiO₂-m).

H₂PtCl₆·6H₂O (99.9%) was purchased from Tianjin Kaiyingte chemical trade Co., Ltd. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, 98%) was purchased from Tianjin Chemical Reagent No. 1 Plant. Titanium tert-butoxide (TBOT, ≥ 98.0%) and undecane (≥99.0%) were purchased from Sinopharm and Guangfu, respectively. Poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl free radical (4-OH-TEMPO, >98%) were purchased from TCI. Toluene (≥99.5%), benzyl alcohol (≥98.0%) and benzaldehyde (≥98.5%) were purchased from Jiangtian. Phenol (99%) was purchased from J&K. Deionized water (18.25 MΩ cm) supplied by an UP Water Purification System was used in all experimental processes. All chemicals were obtained from commercial suppliers and used without further purification.