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4 protocols using 1 butanol

1

Enzymatic Synthesis of Butyrate Esters

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Ethyl butyrate, butyl butyrate, hexyl butyrate, and butyric acid were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry. n-Octyl butyrate was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Molecular sieve 4 Å, ethanol, 1-hexanol, 1-octanol, 1-decanol, p-nitrophenyl caprylate (pNPC), and glutaraldehyde solution were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 1-Butanol, n-hexane, n-heptane, cyclohexane, and isooctane were purchased from Samchun. Methacrylate-divinylbenzene (MA-DVB) resin was purchased from GenoFocus.
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2

Synthesis of Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanocrystals

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Cadmium(II) chloride (CdCl2, 99.99%), octylamine (OcAm, 99%), oleylamine (OAm, 70%), trioctylphosphine (TOP, 97%), selenium (Se, 99.99%), ammonium persulfate (≥98%), and chloroform (99%) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich. 1‐Butanol (99%) was purchased from Samchun Chemical Co. TEM grids were purchased from Electron Microscopy Sciences.
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3

Synthesis of Lanthanide-based Nanoparticles

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Aluminum nitrate nonahydrate (Al(NO3)3·9H2O), gallium nitrate hydrate (Ga(NO3)3·xH2O), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CH3(CH2)15N(Br)(CH3)3, CTAB) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid gadolinium(iii) dihydrogen salt hydrate (C14H20GdN3O10·xH2O, Gd-DTPA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. (USA). Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate (Mg(NO3)2·6H2O) was purchased from Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. (Japan). Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium nitrate (NaNO3) and ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH, absolute grade) were obtained from Daejung Chemicals & Metal Co., Ltd. (Korea). Acetone (C3H6O, extra pure grade) and 1-butanol (C4H10O, extra pure grade) were obtained from Samchun Pure Chemical Co., Ltd. (Korea). Cyclohexane (C6H12, extra pure grade) was purchased from Duksan Company (Korea).
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4

Determination of Brain MDA Levels

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The MDA levels in the brain were determined using the method described by Ohkawa et al. [23 (link)]. After completion of the behavioral tests, the brain tissue was dissected and homogenized with 0.9% NaCl. The homogenate was mixed with 1% phosphoric acid and 0.67% thiobarbituric acid (Lancaster Synthesis, Ward Hill, MA, USA). This solution mixture was boiled for 45 min at 95 °C and placed in an ice bath for cooling. Next, 2 mL 1-butanol (Samchun Pure Chemical Co., Pyeongtaek, Korea) was added and then centrifuged at 3000× g rpm for 10 min. The absorbance values of the supernatant were measured using a microplate reader (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Vantaa, Finland) at 540 nm, and the level of lipid peroxidation was calculated using an MDA standard curve.
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