Nzw lacj

DBA/2, NZB, MRL/Fas^lpr/J, BXSB, and C57BL/6 mice were obtained from the Scripps Research Institute Breeding Colony (La Jolla, CA). NZW/LacJ, A.SW/SnJ, BALB/cJ, SJL/J, and 129S6 mice were obtained from the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME). (SJL/JxDBA/2)F2 intercross mice have been previously described [31 ]. NZB.DBA/2-Hmr1(Daf1^DBA/2) and DBA/2.NZB-Hmr1(Daf1^NZB) interval congenic mice that contained the relevant Daf1 locus were generated by marker-assisted breeding using D1Mit21 (67 Mb) and D1Mit17 (190 Mb) to define the outer limits of the chromosome 1 interval. Breeding and maintenance were performed under specific pathogen-free conditions at the Scripps Research Institute Animal Facility (La Jolla, CA). All procedures were approved by the Scripps Research Institute's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.

All procedures adhered to the established National Institutes of Health guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Texas A&M University. All mice were housed in standard caging and allowed food (Standardized Laboratory Rodent Diet) and water ad libitum and maintained at an ambient temperature of 22–24°C on a 12 hr light:dark schedule. Seven-week old male and female 129S1/SvImJ and NZW/LacJ were purchased from Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME), allowed to acclimate for one week, and then screened for exercise capacity and changes in exercise capacity in response to training. Additional male and female mice from each strain were mated to generate reciprocal F₁ offspring. F₁ offspring were then intercrossed to generate 285 F₂ mice (130 female, 155 male). At approximately 8 weeks of age (59–64 days old), F₂ mice were screened for exercise capacity and completed the exercise training program as described below.

NZB/BINJ and NZW/LacJ were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME, USA). These lines were maintained and interbred to generate F1 generation (BWF1) in the Minimal Disease Area of the Laboratory Animal Unit, The University of Hong Kong. Disease development in BWF1 was assessed by monitoring serum level of anti-dsDNA IgG and development of proteinuria, as previously described [27 (link)]. Mice between 8 and15 weeks old without an increase in anti-dsDNA IgG (level comparable to the non-lupus parental strain NZW) and negative for proteinuria were defined as pre-symptomatic mice, while mice above 20 weeks old with elevation of anti-dsDNA IgG (level higher than two standard deviations of mean serum level in NZW) and proteinuria development (3mg/mL or above) for at least two consecutive weeks were defined as symptomatic mice. Age- and sex-matched non-lupus parental strain NZW was used as controls in specified experiments (young NZW between 11 and 15 weeks old, old NZW between 30 and 40 weeks old). All animal experiments were approved by the Committee on the Use of Live Animal in Teaching and Research (CULATR, approval number 3412-14 and 3647-15), the University of Hong Kong.

DBA/2, NZB, MRL/Fas^lpr/J, BXSB, and C57BL/6 mice were obtained from the Scripps Research Institute Breeding Colony (La Jolla, CA). NZW/LacJ, A.SW/SnJ, BALB/cJ, SJL/J, and 129S6 mice were obtained from the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME). (SJL/JxDBA/2)F2 intercross mice have been previously described [31 ]. NZB.DBA/2-Hmr1(Daf1^DBA/2) and DBA/2.NZB-Hmr1(Daf1^NZB) interval congenic mice that contained the relevant Daf1 locus were generated by marker-assisted breeding using D1Mit21 (67 Mb) and D1Mit17 (190 Mb) to define the outer limits of the chromosome 1 interval. Breeding and maintenance were performed under specific pathogen-free conditions at the Scripps Research Institute Animal Facility (La Jolla, CA). All procedures were approved by the Scripps Research Institute's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.