Dp27 camera

Images of individual seedlings were acquired using the OLYMPUS stereoscopic microscope equipped with a DP27 camera. The root length, hypocotyl length, and hook angle were then measured using the ImageJ software. The bending angles of the apical hook were scored as previously described [24 (link)]. For each time-lapse experiment, 6 seedlings were analyzed.

Histopathology and detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus antigen were performed as previously described (15 (link), 24 (link), 38 (link)). Briefly, lung tissue sections were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for pathological analysis and with a rabbit polyclonal anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid antibody in immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining the presence of virus antigen. The polyclonal antibody (GeneTex, GTX135357) was used at a dilution of 1:2000. The tissue sections used for gross histology examination include the left cranial lobe (Lc), right middle lobe (Rmid), and right caudal lobe (Rc). The extent and severity of alveolar inflammation were characterized by the criteria the number of lung lobes affected, type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia, alveolar septal thickening, fibrosis, perivascular cuffing, peribronchiolar hyperplasia, inflammatory infiltrates, and hyaline membrane formation. Each lung lobe was assessed individually for animals with multiple affected lung lobes, and then the scores were by presence and absence of signs for inflammation and virus antigen. Tissue sections were analyzed by a blinded board-certified veterinary pathologist using an Olympus BX43 light microscope. Photomicrographs were taken on an Olympus DP27 camera.

As formerly described by Gendy et al., (2022) [85 (link)], 5 µm slices were sliced into positive charged slides, rehydrated, and heat-retrieved before being incubated with primary anti-TNF- and VEGF for the duration of the night (at a dilution of 1:100). Following washing, tissue sections were incubated for 30 min at room temperature with a 1:1000 dilution of an HRP-labeled secondary antibody before being blocked for endogenous peroxidases. The color was created using a DAB-Substrate Kit. Slides with negative controls were produced by skipping the primary antibody stage. Using an Olympus BX43 microscope, slides were inspected, and an Olympus DP-27 camera was used to take pictures (Tokyo, Japan). Using Cell Sens Dimensions, positive immune staining was measured as an area percentage (Olympus software).

For each rat, a small gastric tissue section was fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, cut into 5 μm thickness and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. The specimens were examined under Olympus BX43 light microscope, and sections were captured by Olympus DP27 camera connected to Cellsens dimensions software (Olympus). A 0–14 range was used to score the microscopic damage according to [53 (link),54 (link)], where epithelial cell loss or the presence of inflammatory cells scored 0–3 and oedema in the upper mucosa or hemorrhagic damage scored 0–4. The total microscopic score was obtained by summating the four histopathological scores.