Ruthenium 3 chloride hydrate

All solvents and chemicals were of reagent-grade quality, obtained commercially and used without further purification, unless otherwise noted. Ruthenium(iii) chloride hydrate, ammonium hexafluorophosphate, n-butyllithium solution (2.7 M in heptane), n-pentane, and tetrahydrofuran were purchased from Aldrich Chemicals. The chemicals, such as 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Me₂phen), silver sulphate, lead dioxide, and cobalt(ii) chloride, were purchased from Alfa Aesar. 2,2′-Bipyridine, 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadiene, and Ti^IV(O)(tpyp) (tpyp = 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrinato anion) were obtained from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Sc(NO₃)₃·4H₂O was supplied by Mitsuwa Chemicals Co., Ltd. ¹⁸O₂ gas (98% ¹⁸O-enriched) was purchased from ICON Services Inc. (Summit, NJ. USA). The purification of water (18.2 MΩ cm) was performed with a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Direct-Q 3 UV). Acetonitrile was dried according to published procedures and distilled prior to use.³⁰ The cobalt(iii) starting complex, [Co^III(Cp*)(bpy)(H₂O)]²⁺ (1, Cp* = η⁵-pentamethylcyclopenta-dienyl and bpy = 2,2-bipyridine), and the tris(4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(ii) complex, [Ru^II(Me₂phen)₃]²⁺, were prepared according to the published methods.^{25 ,31}