Metabolic studies were conducted to assess the effects of targeted deletion of HOXC10. Respiratory exchange ratio (RER), VCO2, VO2, physical locomotor activity, and food intake were simultaneously measured for each mouse by using established phenotyping Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring System (CLAMS)-Oxymax (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH). All measurements were adjusted relative to body weight and lean mass (milliliters per hour per kilogram of lean mass). At the end of dietary interventions, all adipose fat depots were harvested for analysis of thermogenic gene expression via real-time PCR, and terminal bleed via cardiac puncture was performed to measure circulating levels of glucose, insulin, and leptin. Glucose levels in tail blood were measured with an Accu-Chek Advantage Blood Glucose Meter at timed intervals following an intraperitoneal injection of 2 g d -glucose/kg body wt.
Oxymax clams
Manufactured by Columbus Instruments
Sourced in United States
The Oxymax/CLAMS is a comprehensive laboratory system that accurately measures oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) in small animals. The system provides real-time data on metabolic parameters, physical activity, and other physiological measurements.
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Lab products found in correlation
Oxymax, by Columbus Instruments (2 mentions)
Td nmr, by Bruker (2 mentions)
Contour blood glucose meter, by Bayer (2 mentions)
D12451, by Research Diets (1 mentions)
Accu check glucometer, by Roche (1 mentions)
Minispec lf110, by Bruker (1 mentions)
D12492, by Research Diets (1 mentions)
Minispec nmr analyzer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Mini mitter, by Philips (1 mentions)
Oxymax indirect calorimetry system, by Columbus Instruments (1 mentions)
Halo v3, by Indica Labs (1 mentions)
Quantcenter 2, by 3DHISTECH (1 mentions)
Eclipse ts100, by Nikon (1 mentions)
Echomri 700 whole body composition analyzer, by Echo Medical Systems (1 mentions)
Iptt 300, by Avidity Science (1 mentions)
Temperature controlled environmental chamber, by Columbus Instruments (1 mentions)
Wistar rat, by Charles River Laboratories (1 mentions)
Minispec time domain nuclear magnetic resonance analyzer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Echomri 100h, by Echo Medical Systems (1 mentions)
87 protocols using oxymax clams
1
Metabolic Phenotyping of HOXC10 Knockout Mice
2
High-Fat Diet Effects on Murine Metabolism
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Male mice, 9 weeks of age, were placed on a high fat diet (HFD; 45% kcal from fat; Research Diets, Inc, D12451) or control chow (10% kcal from fat; D12450B) for 22 weeks. Body weight was measured weekly. Glucose tolerance was assessed after 20 weeks on diet by continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels following an intraperitoneal injection of 45% glucose solution (1 g/kg). Total food intake, activity, oxygen consumption (vO2), and carbon dioxide (vCO2) production were continuously measured for individual mice over three consecutive days via indirect calorimetry using a Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring System (CLAMS/Oxymax, Columbus Instruments) after 21 weeks on diet. Data shown is based on the three-day average for each mouse. NMR was used to determine percent lean and fat body mass. Mice were euthanized after 22 weeks on diet. All metabolic measurements and body mass composition analyses were performed by the University of Cincinnati Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Core (MMPC).
3
Metabolic Profiling in Animal Model
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The oxygen consumption (VO
2), carbon dioxide production (VCO
2), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were determined after 3 weeks of STM treatment using a Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring System (CLAMS)-Oxymax (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, USA). The energy expenditure was calculated using the formula VO
2×[3.815+(1.232×RER)] and analysed using ANCOVA with body weight as a covariate via the MMPC.org ANCOVA data analysis tool, as previously described [
21 (link),
22 (link)] .
2), carbon dioxide production (VCO
2), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were determined after 3 weeks of STM treatment using a Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring System (CLAMS)-Oxymax (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, USA). The energy expenditure was calculated using the formula VO
2×[3.815+(1.232×RER)] and analysed using ANCOVA with body weight as a covariate via the MMPC.org ANCOVA data analysis tool, as previously described [
21 (link),
22 (link)] .
4
Metabolic Rate Monitoring in Mice
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Before the metabolic rate was monitored, mice were individually caged for 24 h to acclimate to the system.The oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER = VCO2/VO2) and energy expenditure (EE) were determined after 12 weeks of SPX or Veh treatment using a Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring System (CLAMS)-Oxymax (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, USA).
5
Metabolic Profiling in Mice
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Studies were conducted in metabolic cages at the Core Facility of the Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta. Mice were individually housed in Oxymax/CLAMS metabolic chambers (Columbus Instruments) in which O2 consumption, CO2 production, food and water consumption, and movement (x and z) were measured over 2 days and 2 nights.
6
Metabolic Profiling of Ogt Mutant Mice
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The Ogt-flox and the Ogt-VKO mice were individually housed in chambers at 23 ± 1 °C under a 12-h light (08:00–20:00)/12-h dark (20:00–8:00) cycle for 3 days. Then, respiratory and metabolic parameters were measured for 2 days. Gas analysis was performed every 10 min using indirect calorimetry (Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring System: Oxymax/CLAMS, Columbus Instruments, TX, US). We measured respiratory quotient (RQ), locomotive activities (Xtot) and energy expenditure (EE).
7
Glucose and Insulin Tolerance in Mice
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GTTs were conducted as follows. Glucose (2 g/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into mice after a 6-hour fast, and blood glucose levels were monitored using blood glucose strips and an Accu-Check glucometer (Roche) at the indicated times. For ITTs, insulin (1.5 U/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into mice after a 6-hour fast, and blood glucose levels were monitored as described previously (70 (link)).
Metabolic rate was measured by indirect calorimetry in mice using Oxymax/CLAMS (Columbus Instruments). Mice were individually housed in chambers maintained at 24 ± 1°C and given free access to food (normal chow) and water. The colonic temperature was measured with a rectal thermometer (Natsume Seisakusho, KN-91). During the study, samples were taken at 13-minute intervals to measure O2 consumption and CO2 production and to calculate energy expenditure. Food intake and locomotive activity were automatically measured every 20 minutes by the cFDM-300AS system (MELQUEST Ltd.).
Metabolic rate was measured by indirect calorimetry in mice using Oxymax/CLAMS (Columbus Instruments). Mice were individually housed in chambers maintained at 24 ± 1°C and given free access to food (normal chow) and water. The colonic temperature was measured with a rectal thermometer (Natsume Seisakusho, KN-91). During the study, samples were taken at 13-minute intervals to measure O2 consumption and CO2 production and to calculate energy expenditure. Food intake and locomotive activity were automatically measured every 20 minutes by the cFDM-300AS system (MELQUEST Ltd.).
8
Comprehensive metabolic monitoring of animal models
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Daily food intake, meal patterns and energy expenditure were measured throughout the study using a 32-unit Oxymax/CLAMS® (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH) as previously described9 (link). All treatment group animals were acclimatized to the CLAMS system for about a week on control diet prior to measurements. However, due to space constraints, the measurements of PF group were restricted to days 0–3, 14–17, 30–31, 44–46, 49–51, 53–56 of the study. Meal patterns were defined using a minimum meal size of 50 mg and intermeal interval of 15 min50 (link). Body weight was measured bi-weekly and body composition weekly using Minispec LF-110® (Bruker Optics, Billerica, MA).
9
Indirect Calorimetry Measurement in Mice
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After 4 weeks on the HFSC diet, the mice were transferred to the mouse metabolic phenotyping core at Columbia University and allowed to acclimate for 1 week. The Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring System (Oxymax/CLAMS, Columbus Instruments) was used for indirect calorimetry measurements. Each mouse was individually housed in chambers of the Oxymax/CLAMS system and allowed to acclimate in these chambers for 2 days prior to the start of data collection. The data were collected using Oxymax/CLAMS software at 25-minute intervals for 3 consecutive days.
10
Metabolic Phenotyping of Linc-RAM Mice
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Metabolic phenotyping of standard diet-fed wild-type and
Linc-RAM-knockout mice was performed with the Oxymax/CLAMS metabolic cage system (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, USA) at the Animal Center of Peking Union Medical College. The mice had free access to water and standard rodent chow under a 12/12 h dark/light cycle. Food intake, drinking, O
2 consumption, and CO
2 production were automatically collected for 4 consecutive days.
Linc-RAM-knockout mice was performed with the Oxymax/CLAMS metabolic cage system (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, USA) at the Animal Center of Peking Union Medical College. The mice had free access to water and standard rodent chow under a 12/12 h dark/light cycle. Food intake, drinking, O
2 consumption, and CO
2 production were automatically collected for 4 consecutive days.
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