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Fischer 344 rats

Manufactured by Charles River Laboratories
Sourced in United States, Germany, Morocco

The Fischer 344 rat is a laboratory animal model commonly used in research. It is an inbred strain of rat, meaning it has been selectively bred to possess specific genetic characteristics. The Fischer 344 rat is known for its consistent and predictable biological responses, making it a valuable tool for scientific investigations across a variety of fields.

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50 protocols using fischer 344 rats

1

Aged Male Fischer 344 Rat Experiments

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All experiments were performed on aged male Fischer 344 rats (18‐ to 22‐month‐old) that were obtained from the NIA breeding facility at Charles River Laboratories (USA). Young male Fischer 344 rats (2‐ to 4‐month‐old) were purchased from Charles River Laboratories (USA). Animals were group‐housed on a 12 h light–dark schedule with ad libitum access to food and water. All experiments were approved by the Georgetown University Animal Care, and Use Committee and adhered to NIH ethical guidelines.
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2

Rat Housing and Care Protocols

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Male, 3‐month‐old Fischer 344 rats (Charles River, Wilmington, MA) were housed in the Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) ‐approved MSU Grand Rapids Research Center vivarium and the UBC Animal Resource Unit. All procedures were conducted in accordance with guidelines set by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of MSU and the UBC Animal Care Committee.
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3

Age-Dependent CRPS Model in Rats

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Adult female Fischer 344 rats (n=4–5/group), 3 months old upon arrival, were purchased from Charles River and single-housed in a temperature and humidity controlled vivarium. Rats were maintained on a 12-hour light/dark cycle throughout the duration of the study. Rats were given one week to acclimate to the colony room prior to the start of experimental procedures. All animal care, use, and procedures in this study were approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (LSUSHC) in New Orleans, LA, and were in accordance with the National Institute of Health guidelines. For experimental timeline, see Figure 1. We utilized rats of the age typically employed in similar studies (e.g., [31 (link)]). It should also be pointed out that CRPS can affect individuals of any age, with age of onset ranging from as low as 18 to as high as 90 years of age [32 (link)].
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4

Tracing Microspheres in Acute MI

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Microspheres, equivalent in size to hESC-CMs, were injected into acute MIs to model immediate cell loss from leakage and washout after direct intramyocardial injection. In 5 Fischer 344 rats (Charles River Labs, Portage, MI), 5×106 Hydro-Coated Yellow E-Z Trac Ultraspheres [15μm diameter, Interactive Medical Technology (IMT), Irvine, CA] suspended in 70μL RPMI were injected into infarct centers; the heart, lung, and spleen were excised 15 minutes later. In heart specimens, yellow microspheres were imaged by dark field epi-illumination under fluorescence stereomicroscopy (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany). Whole hearts, lungs, and spleens were placed into individual centrifuge tubes to which equal numbers of Pink E-Z Trac Ultraspheres (5×106 in 70 μL RPMI) were added as the standard for 100% recovery. After microsphere extraction, the relative proportion of injected (yellow) to standard (pink) microspheres in each organ was quantified by flow cytometry.
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5

Evaluating Therapeutic Efficacy in Rats

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For volume of distribution experiments, a biological replicate of three was performed to ensure reproducibility and accuracy of our data, as previously reported in literature by our group. For flow cytometry, a biological replicate of five was performed to repeat the experiment on three different days, accounting for any processing variables and to ensure day to day variation. Moreover, preliminary experiments demonstrated that N=5 was sufficient to ensure the detection of significant differences. Animals that died during procedures were not processed further for analysis. For the therapeutic efficacy study, an initial number of 10 animals per group was previously shown in our group to ensure statistical differences. Animals dying without waking up from surgery (after tumour implantation or CED) were excluded. Animals were randomly assigned to the different groups to prevent any confounding variables from syringes or stereotactic frames. Investigators were not formally blinded to experimental groups.
All procedures were performed in accordance with the guidelines and policies of the Yale Animal Resource Center (YARC) and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). Male Fischer 344 rats (Charles River Laboratories, 200–220 g) were used. Surgical procedures were performed using standard sterile surgical techniques.
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6

Photoperiod and Grape Supplementation in Rats

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The Animal Ethics Committee of the University Rovira i Virgili (Tarragona, Spain) approved all the procedures. Twenty-four 8-weeks-old male Fischer 344 rats (Charles River Laboratories, Barcelona, Spain) were housed in pairs in cages at 22 °C under two different light schedules in order to emulate season’s day length: long day photoperiod (n = 12, LD, 18:6h light/dark cycle) or short-day photoperiod (n = 12, SD, 6:18 h light/dark cycle). After 1 month under these conditions, animals in each photoperiod were orally supplemented with lyophilized red grapes [29 (link)] (100 mg per kg of body weight/day) (grape, n = 12) as an autumn fruit for 10 weeks or a control vehicle (control, n = 12). Rats were fed an ad libitum standard diet (2.90 kcal/g; A04, Panlab, Barcelona, Spain) and, after 14 weeks, they were deprived of food for 1 h and sacrificed by decapitation. Each brain was rapidly removed after death, flushed with cold isotonic saline buffer, weighed, frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80 °C until further analysis.
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7

Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

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Three-month-old, male Fischer 344 rats (n=20; 6 mPFF and 6 rPFF at one month, and 8 rPFF at two-months post-injection) were purchased from Charles River Laboratories. Rats were housed 1–3 per cage in a room on 12 h light/dark cycle, and food and water were provided ad libitum. All animal work was performed in the Michigan State University Grand Rapids Research Center vivarium. All procedures were approved and conducted in accordance with the Michigan State University Institute for Animal Use and Care Committee (IACUC).
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8

Aging and Urethral Smooth Muscle

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This study employed female young, yet mature adult (3–4 mo) and aged (25–30 mo) Fischer 344 rats (Charles River; Wilmington, MA and the NIA rodent colony). Animals were housed in standard housing with a 12-hour light/dark cycle with unlimited access to food and water. Age-matched rats were treated with oral 8-AG (5 mg/kg/day in drinking water) for 6 weeks versus a control (untreated group). Tissues (urethral smooth muscle and lamina propria; external urethral sphincter, EUS) were obtained after exsanguination with isoflurane anesthesia and both processed separately. The IACUC approved all procedures which conforms to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals published by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH Publication No. 85–23, revised 1996).
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9

Isolation and Differentiation of Adult Rat Hippocampal NSCs

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Adult rat hippocampal NSCs were isolated from adult female Fischer 344 rats (Charles River, Wilmington, MA) as described in Palmer et al. (1999) (link) and were cultured in DMEM/F12 with N2 supplement (Life Technologies) on tissue-culture polystyrene plates that had been coated with poly-ornithine and laminin. Growth conditions for NSCs included 20 ng/ml FGF-2, whereas mixed differentiation conditions included 1% FBS + 1 µM retinoic acid. For full differentiation experiments on polyacrylamide substrates, NSCs were first seeded onto the gels in growth media for 16–18 h before the coverslips were then transferred into new wells with mixed differentiation media. The NSCs were allowed to differentiate for 6 d with 50% media changes every 2 d before fixation.
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10

Rat Fischer 344 Behavioral Assessment

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Three-month-old male and female Fischer 344 rats were purchased from Charles River Laboratories. For the ddPCR validation study, 8 per sex/group (total n = 32) were used. For assessment of pSyn inclusions in the SN and FISH, 8 males per group and 10 females per group were used (total n = 36). Rats were housed 1-3 per cage in a room on 12 h light/dark cycle, and food and water were provided ad libitum. In all cases where an animal was single housed, enrichment was provided. All animal work was performed in the Michigan State University Grand Rapids Michigan State Research Center vivarium. All procedures were approved and conducted in accordance with the Michigan State University Institute for Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at Michigan State University.
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