human chondrocyte cell line, C28/I2, were cultured in DMEM/F12 and DMEM mediums, respectively, which
were supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and antibiotics (Life Technologies, Grand Island, New
York). Cells were maintained at 37°C and 5% CO2 in a humidified incubator. After ten hours of
serum-free conditions, cells were incubated with 10 ng/ml TNFα (R&D Systems, Minneapolis,
Minnesota) in the presence and absence of 5 µM Salubrinal or 5 µM Guanabenz (TOCRIS
Bioscience, Ellisville, Missouri). One µM thapsigargin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz,
California) was used as a positive control (PC) for phosphorylation of eIF2α.