Glass microscope slide

Cells cultured on glass cover slips (Thermo Fisher) were washed with PBS and fixed with methanol/acetone (1∶1) for 20 min at −20°C. Cells were then washed with TBS twice and blocked with 2.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) (Sigma) in TBS for 1 h at room temperature followed by incubation with primary antibodies diluted in blocking buffer overnight at 4°C. Cells were then washed with TBS five times (5 min/time) at room temperature. Secondary antibodies diluted in blocking buffer were then added into the samples and incubated for 1 h at room temperature. Samples were then washed with TBS five times at room temperature. The cover slips were stained with DAPI (DAKO) and mounted onto microscope glass slides (Thermo Fisher) with nail oil. Images were captured using a Leica AOBS SP2 confocal microscope (Leica, Allendale, NJ) and analyzed by using Volocity software. Details on the antibodies used are listed in the Supporting Information.

Graphite flakes (1 mm width) were purchased from HQ-graphene (Groningen, The Netherlands). Deionized water (DIW), acetone, and 2-propanole were supplied from Proquinorte S.A. (Bilbao, Spain). Graphene oxide hydrosol, and white/blue adhesive-tapes were from Graphenea (San Sebastian, Spain), 3M Inc. (Two Harbors, MN, USA) and Nitto Inc. (Osaka, Japan), respectively. CdTe (cadmium telluride) QD nanocrystals with different diameters were provided from PlasmaChem (Berlin, Germany). Donor CdTe and acceptor CdTe diameters were 2.2 nm and 3.1 nm, respectively. Microscope glass slides (1 mm thick) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Braunschweig, Germany) and drilled for the width of 30 µm with femtosecond (fs) laser at SGIker (Bilbao, Spain) laser facility of the UPV/EHU.

ULC/MS-grade water (H₂O), ULC/MS-grade methanol (MeOH), LC/MS-grade ethanol (EtOH), LC/MS-grade xylene, and 99% formic acid (FA) were obtained from Biosolve (Valkenswaard, NL). Gelatin was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Microscope glass slides were obtained from Thermo Scientific (Braunschweig, DE).

The chemicals used for the hydrophobic substrate preparation, trimethoxy(octadecyl)silane (Aldrich, 90%), toluene (Aldrich, 99.8%), tetrahydrofuran (Aldrich, ≥99.9%), and ethanol (Boom BV, 100% (v/v), technical grade) were used as received as well. In our experiments, the microscope glass slides (Thermo Scientific) were used as solid substrates for the octadecyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS) layer coating. We first carefully wiped the glass slides with ethanol wetted tissue for mechanically removing contaminants from the surfaces. Then the slides were successively sonicated in fresh acetone, ethanol, and Milli-Q water, each for 15 min, to remove organic contaminants from the surfaces. We repeated this step once and dried the slides by nitrogen flow. Then the slides were cleaned by plasma cleaner for 10 min. After that, the cleaned glass slides were immersed into the coating mixture of 1 vol% octadecyltrimethoxysilane and 99 vol% toluene for 3 h. After that, the coated slides were removed and then put into fresh toluene and tetrahydrofuran successively to dissolve the unlinked octadecyltrimethoxysilane above the surfaces. Finally, we dried the slides by nitrogen flow and put them in a clean Petri dish for temporary storage. The preparation of octadecylsilanes(OTS)-treated substrate follows the same process.

The SuperScript IV One-Step RT-PCR System (1235820) and nuclease-free water (4387936) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). The EnGen Lba Cas12a (M0653T) and NEBuffer 2.1 (B7202S) were purchased from New England Biolabs (Ipswich, USA). Primers, gRNA, and probes (table S2) used in the study were synthesized by Integrated DNA Technologies Inc. (Coralville, IA). PDMS elastomer (Sylgard 184) was purchased from Dow Corning (Midland, MI), microscope glass slides were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Hampton, NH), and plasmonic oxidation was performed with a benchtop plasma cleaner PDC-001 purchased from Harrick Plasma (Ithaca, NY).

Lipids 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N- (lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl) (Rho-PE) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(TopFluor^® AF488) (AF488-PE) were from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). We purchased the sucrose from Avantor (Radnor Township, PA, USA). Cholesterol was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA) and chloroform from Omnipure (Caldwell, ID, USA). All lipid stock solutions were prepared in chloroform. Indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glasses and microscope glass slides were from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA) and coverslips were bought from Corning (Corning, NY, USA). ITO plates were cleaned with chloroform, ethanol and DI water before use. Microscope slides and coverslips were cleaned with ethanol and DI water.