Mid-sagittal images of the treated discs were analyzed qualitatively for evidence of degenerative changes using an ultra-high magnetic field strength, 7.0-Tesla MR scanner [Varian Unity Inova (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA)], as described previously [17] (link), [18] (link). The degree of IVD was assessed on sagittal images using the Pfirrmann classification [19] (link). Quantitative analysis of the sagittal image slices was also processed using the Analyze 10.0 software (AnalyzeDirect, overland Park, KS, USA), as reported previously [17] (link), [18] (link). The MRI index (product of NP area and average signal intensity) was used to quantify alterations in NP [17] (link), [18] (link). The quantitative data were expressed as percentage relative to those obtained with untreated control discs [17] (link), [18] (link). All image assessments were performed by 2 independent blind observers, and the quantitative data were presented as the mean of the 3 evaluations (n = 8 discs from each treatment group/time-point) [17] (link), [18] (link).
Varian unity inova
Manufactured by Agilent Technologies
Sourced in United States
The Varian Unity Inova is a high-performance nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer designed for advanced analytical applications. It provides precise and reliable data acquisition and processing capabilities.
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7 protocols using varian unity inova
1
Quantitative MRI Assessment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
2
Quantitative MRI Analysis of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
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At 4 and 12 weeks after surgery, T2-weighted midsagittal images of the IVDs were obtained using a 7·0-T MR scanner (Varian Unity Inova; Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA) [2 (link),8 (link),16 (link)]. The Pfirrmann classification scheme (grade 5 was classified as severely degenerated) was used to grade IVD degeneration [20] (link). Quantitative analysis was also performed to determine the MRI index using analyze software version 12.0 (AnalyzeDirect, Overland Park, KS, USA). The MRI index (the product of NP area and average signal intensity) was applied for the quantification of alterations in NP and quantitative data were expressed as a percentage relative to the MRI index obtained with untreated control IVDs (relative MRI index) [2 (link),8 (link),16 (link)].
3
Structural Elucidation of 14-Hydroxycostunolide by NMR
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NMR analysis of the isolated compound was carried out using a 500 MHz Varian Unity Inova (Varian, Inc./Agilent Technologies) spectrometer. The 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts were referenced to the residual solvent signals at δH/C 7.26/77 ppm relative to TMS.1D and 2D homonuclear NMR spectra were measured with standard Varian pulse sequences. Adiabatic GHSQCAD, GHMBCAD and ROESYAD spectra were recorded using CHEMPACK 7.2 pulse sequences (implemented in Varian Vnmrj 4.2 spectrometer software). Spectra were either processed with Vnmrj 4.2 or Spinworks 4.2.8 (Copyright 2017, K. Marat, University of Manitoba, Canada) The structure of 14-hydroxycostunolide was unambiguously identified by evaluation of all NMR spectra. Modeling of 14-hydroxycostunolide as a comparison to NMR results was performed with Chem3D Pro (Version 10, Cambridge Soft).
4
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Prefrontal White Matter
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All subjects participating in the study had MR imaging done and MTR data collection was as described in previous publications2 (link),31 (link). Data were collected from a 1 × 3 × 3 cm voxel (Fig. 4a ) within the WM of the right prefrontal cortex at 4 Tesla (Varian/UnityInova; Varian Inc., Palo Alto, CA).
5
Synthesis and Characterization of PLGA-Selenocystamine Nanoparticles
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Synthesis of conjugates and copolymer was confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (500 MHz superconducting Fourier transform-NMR spectrometer, Varian Unity Inova; Varian Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA). For 1H-NMR analysis, PLGA, PEG, TA-PEG conjugates, PLGA-selenocystamine conjugates and LGseseTAPEG copolymer were dissolved in DMSO-d6 form. Selenocystamine was dissolved in D2O and mixed with DMSO-d6 form (D2O/DMSO-d6 form = 1/1, v/v).
The morphology of LGseseTAPEG nanoparticles was observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM, H-7600, Hitachi Instruments Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Aqueous nanoparticle solution was placed onto carbon film coated copper grid and then this was dried in room temperature. Nanoparticles were observed at 80 kV.
Particle size of nanoparticles (nanoparticle solution in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, 0.01 M, pH 7.4): 1 mg/mL) was measured with a Nano-ZS system (Malvern, Worcestershire, UK). Particle sizes were measured three times independently and expressed as mean ± standard deviation (S.D.).
The morphology of LGseseTAPEG nanoparticles was observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM, H-7600, Hitachi Instruments Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Aqueous nanoparticle solution was placed onto carbon film coated copper grid and then this was dried in room temperature. Nanoparticles were observed at 80 kV.
Particle size of nanoparticles (nanoparticle solution in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, 0.01 M, pH 7.4): 1 mg/mL) was measured with a Nano-ZS system (Malvern, Worcestershire, UK). Particle sizes were measured three times independently and expressed as mean ± standard deviation (S.D.).
6
Quantitative MRI Assessment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
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T2-weighted midsagittal images of the IVDs were obtained using a 7.0-T MR scanner (Varian Unity Inova; Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA) for the rabbit model [8 (link),9 (link)] and a 3.0-T MR scanner (MAGNETOM Prisma; Siemens, Munich, Germany) for the sheep model. The Pfirrmann classification scheme was applied to grade IVD degeneration [32 (link)]. Quantitative analysis was also performed to determine the MRI index using Analyze software v10.0 (AnalyzeDirect, Overland Park, KS, USA) [8 (link),9 (link)]. All image assessments were performed by three independent observers who were blinded to the samples, and the mean of the three evaluations was recorded.
7
Characterization of HAsPBPE Conjugates
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The synthesis of HAsPBPE conjugates was confirmed with the 1H 500 MHz superconducting Fourier transform-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (Varian Unity Inova; Varian Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA).
The Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy (FT-IR 8700; Shimadzu, Osaka, Japan) was also used to confirm the synthesis of conjugates.
The Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy (FT-IR 8700; Shimadzu, Osaka, Japan) was also used to confirm the synthesis of conjugates.
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