Leptin (5 μg/3 μl, purchased from the National Hormone & Peptide Program, CA, USA) and/or the melanocortin receptor antagonist SHU9119 (0.6 nmol/3 μl, Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, CA, USA) were administered into the LV of rats for 7 consecutive days. The doses of leptin and SHU9119 were chosen based on previous studies (Choi et al., 2003 (link), Fendt et al, 2009 (link), Inyushkin et al., 2009 , Mark et al., 2009 (link)). The rats were divided into the following groups: 1) daily leptin treatment alone, 2) daily SHU9119 treatment alone; 3) daily SHU9119 treatment combined with leptin treatment (30 min interval between injections); and 4) Vehicle control group that received daily phosphate buffer saline injections (PBS, pH=7.4, 3 μl). The LV injections were administered at 24-h intervals for 7 days between 11:00 am and noon. The injections were made with a Hamilton syringe (5 μl capacity) coupled with a polyethylene tubing (PE-10) connected to a needle (0.3 mm in diameter and 12 mm in length). Each injection was administered into the LV over 30 s and the injector was left in place for additional 30 s to allow the drug to diffuse in the CSF, followed by removal of the injector and replacement of the stylet into the guide cannula.
Shu9119
Manufactured by Phoenix Pharmaceuticals
Sourced in United States
SHU9119 is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Phoenix Pharmaceuticals. It is a chemical compound used for research purposes. The core function of SHU9119 is to serve as a research tool for scientific investigations.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
4 protocols using shu9119
1
Pharmacological Modulation of Leptin Signaling
2
In Vivo Pharmacological Evaluation
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Streptozotocin was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (city, country), MTII from Bachem Ltd. (Saffron Walden, Essex, UK), and SHU9119 from Phoenix Pharmaceuticals (Karlsruhe, Germany). Other compounds were supplied (BMS-470539, AGRP) or synthetized (PG-901, PG20N) by Professor Grieco (University of Naples Federico II). All compounds were stored at −20°C before use and dissolved in sterile PBS, pH 7.4.
3
Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Homeostasis
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The MC3/4R agonist, Melanotan (MT-II), the selective MC4R agonist, Cyclo (β-Ala-His-d-Phe-Arg-Trp-Glu)-NH2, the MC3/4R antagonist, SHU9119, and kisspeptin110-119-NH2 (termed hereafter kisspeptin-10 or Kp-10) were purchased from Phoenix Pharmaceuticals Inc. (Burlingame, CA, USA). The selective MC3R agonist D-Trp-γ MSH was obtained from American Peptide Company Inc. (Sunnyvale, CA, USA). Recombinant rat leptin was obtained from ProSpec-Tany TechnoGene Ltd. (Ness Ziona, Israel), and 17β-estradiol (E2) and clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). All the drugs were dissolved in physiological saline (0.9% NaCl), except E2, which was dissolved in olive oil.
4
Recombinant NAMPT Protein Purification
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Recombinant human NAMPT protein was obtained from Adipogen International (AG-40A-0018). We purchased FK866 from Enzo Life Sciences (ALX270-501), SHU9119 from Phoenix Pharmaceuticals (043-24) and NMN from Sigma (1094-61-7).
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