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10 protocols using ap160p

1

Antibodies for Circadian Clock Proteins

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The antibodies used for western blots in this study are as follows. BMAL1 (ab93806, Abcam, 1:10000), Acetyl-BMAL1 (AB15396, EMD Millipore, 1:1000), REV-ERBα (#13418, Cell Signaling Technology, 1:1000), PER2 (PER21-A, Alpha Diagnostic International, 1:1000), CRY1 (A302–614A, Bethyl Laboratories, 1:2000), GR (#12041, Cell Signaling Technology, 1:2000), Phospho-CREB (#9198, Cell Signaling Technology, 1:1000), CREB (#9197, Cell Signaling Technology, 1:1000), FOXO1 (#2880, Cell Signaling Technology, 1:1000), PPARα (sc-9000, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 1:1000), SIRT1 (07–131, EMD Millipore, 1:10000), PPARδ (PA1–823A, Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1:1000), TFEB (A303–673A, Bethyl Laboratories, 1:2000), ACTIN (ab3280, Abcam, 1:10000), a—TUBULIN (T5168, SIGMA-ALDRICH, 1:10000), p84 (GTX70220, GeneTex, 1:10000), secondary antibodies (12–348 and AP160P, EMD Millipore, 1:10000). The antibodies used for ChIP are as follows. BMAL1 (ab93806, Abcam, 2 µg), GR (#12041, Cell Signaling Technology, 5 µl), CREB (sc-186 X, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 10 µg), PPARα (sc-9000 X, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 8 µg), normal rabbit IgG (sc-2027, Santa Cruz Biotechnology).
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2

Analyzing Yeast Protein Expression

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The protein samples were separated by SDS-PAGE and then transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane (PVDF Western Blotting Membranes, Roche, Basel, Switzerland) by semidry immunoblotting (Bio-Rad). The presence of proteins on the membrane was confirmed by Ponceau S (Sigma-Aldrich) labeling. After blocking with a PBST buffer (PBS, 0.1% Tween 20) containing 3% nonfat milk, the following primary antibodies were used: anti-yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (1:5000, ab34680, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-yeast aldehyde dehydrogenase (1:5000, ab182893, Abcam), anti-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (1:2000, ab87230, Abcam), anti-6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (1:2000, ab125863, Abcam), and anti-β-actin (1:5000, MA5-15739, Thermo Fisher Scientific). The respective proteins were detected after incubation with the horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:10,000, 111,035,003, Jackson ImmunoResearch or 1:10,000, AP160P, Millipore, Merck, Rahway, NJ, USA) with a SuperSignal West PICO Chemiluminescent Substrate (Pierce Biotechnology, Waltham, MA, USA), according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The images were captured using an Imaging Systems c300 (Azure Biosystems, Inc., Dublin, CA, USA).
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3

Western Blot Analysis of BMAL1 and P84

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Frozen tissue was added to RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl [pH 8.0], 1% NP-40, 0.1% SDS, 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM MgCl2, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, and 1 mM PMSF) supplemented with 330 nM trichostatin A (Sigma), Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (Roche), 20 mM NaF, 1 mM DTT, and 10 mM nicotinamide and then lysed with 10 sec of sonication at 60% power using a VWR 200 homogenizer (Avantor). The resulting lysates were centrifuged for 15 min at 13.2  10 6 g at 4°C, and the supernatant was retained. Protein concentrations were quantified by Bradford assay (Bio-Rad). Next, 10-20 μg of protein was separated in an 8% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, which were incubated with anti-BMAL1 (Abcam, ab93806) or anti-P84 (Genetex, GTX70220) overnight at 4°C. The membranes were subsequently incubated with peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (anti-mouse IgG, HRP conjugate, EMD Millipore, AP160P; anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked, EMD Millipore, 12-348) at room temperature for 1 hour, and then visualized using chemiluminescent HRP substrate (WBKLS0500, EMD Millipore).
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Yeast Proteins

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The protein samples were separated by SDS-PAGE and then transferred to nitrocellulose membrane (PVDF Western Blotting Membranes, Roche) by semidry immunoblotting (Bio-Rad). The presence of proteins on the membrane was confirmed by Ponceau S (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA) labeling. After blocking with PBST buffer (PBS, 0.1% Tween 20) containing 3% nonfat milk, the following primary antibodies were used: the antiyeast methionine synthase (MET6; 1:500, X-P05694-N, Abmart, Berkeley Heights, NJ, USA) and the antiyeast alcohol dehydrogenase (1:5000, ab34680, Abcam). The respective proteins were detected after incubation with the horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:10,000, AP160P, Millipore, Merck, and 1:10,000, 111,035,003, Jackson ImmunoResearch, respectively) with a SuperSignal West PICO Chemiluminescent Substrate (Pierce Biotechnology, Waltham, MA, USA), according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The images were captured using an Azure c300 Imaging Systems.
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5

Western Blot Analysis of His-tagged Proteins

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Samples were separated on 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel and then transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane with Trans-blot Turbo Transfer System (Bio-Rad). Nonspecific binding sites were blocked with 3% nonfat milk in Tris buffered saline containing 0.5% Tween-20. During immunodetection, the membrane was incubated with anti-His antibody (Sigma-Aldrich mouse monoclonal IgG SAB1305538, dilution 1:3000) for 1.5 h followed by horseradish peroxidase–conjugated rabbit anti-mouse secondary antibody (Millipore AP160P, dilution 1:10,000) for 45 min. The immunoreactive bands were detected by Luminata Crescendo Western HRP Substrate (Merck) and imaged with the Multi-Genius Bio imaging System (Syngene).
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6

Neuronal Cell Culture Immunostaining and Blotting

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All drugs and reagents were from Sigma unless otherwise indicated. The main reagents were as follows: Neurobasal medium (Gibco), B27 Supplement (Gibco), Sulfo-NHS-LC-Biotin (Thermo Scientific), NeutrAvidin Agarose Resins (Thermo Scientific), recombinant human BDNF (R&D System), and K252a (Tocris).
The antibodies used for western blotting were ASIC1a (1:500, sc-13905, Santa Cruz) and GAPDH (1:2000, KC-5G4, KangChen). The HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies used for western blotting were goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:2000, AP132P, Millipore), rabbit anti-mouse IgG (1:2000, AP160P, Millipore), and rabbit anti-goat IgG (1:2000, AP106P, Millipore). The primary antibodies used for immunostaining were GFP (1:1000, A10262, Invitrogen), HA (1:1000, 901501, BioLegend), DsRed (1:1000, 632496, Clontech), and PSD-95 (1:1000, ab13552, Abcam). The secondary antibodies used for immunostaining were donkey anti-human IgG DyLight 550 (1:1000, SA5-10127, ThermoFisher), donkey anti-human IgG DyLight 488 (1:1000, SA5-10126, ThermoFisher), donkey anti-mouse IgG Alexa 647 (1:1000, 715-605-150, Jackson ImmunoResearch), donkey anti-rabbit IgG Alexa 568 (1:1000, A10042, Invitrogen), and goat anti-chicken IgG Alexa 488 (1:1000, A11039, Invitrogen).
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7

Immunohistochemical Analysis of RAS G12S

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Tumor tissues were formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, and stained using anti-RAS (G12S) mouse monoclonal antibody (NewEast Biosciences, 26186), followed by incubation with the HRP-conjugated corresponding secondary antibody (Millipore, AP160P). The expression levels were evaluated by the H-score method. Scoring was independently reviewed in parallel by two experienced pathologists.
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8

Western Blot Analysis of Apoptotic Markers

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Heart tissue lysates and whole-cell lysates were used for western blotting analysis. Proteins were separated by electrophoresis and transferred to membranes. The membranes were incubated with specific primary antibodies (1:1,000) recognizing β-actin (#4970), cleaved-caspase 3 (#9664), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP; #5554), purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). The membranes were washed with Tris-buffered saline containing 0.05% Tween 20 and incubated with horseradish peroxidase-linked anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody (1:2,000; AP188p) or anti-mouse IgG antibody (1:2,000; AP160P) from Sigma-Aldrich. Signals were captured using a ChemiDoc MP system (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). Densitometric analysis was performed using Image J software.
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9

Quantification of PHGDH Protein Levels

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PHGDH protein levels were determined by western blotting using an anti-PHGDH antibody (Sigma-Aldrich HPA021241, 1:5000). For the enzymatic activity assay, a fluorescent secondary antibody was used (LI-COR 926-32213, 1:15000) and blots were visualized using LICOR. For the RPE cells, anti-β-actin was used as a loading control (Cell Signaling Technology 3700, 1:5000) with HRP secondary antibody (Sigma-Aldrich AP160P, 1:15000) and blots were visualized using enhanced chemiluminescence (Pierce). Protein abundance was quantified using Image J (version 1.50b). Unprocessed western blot available in Source Data.
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10

Western Blot Analysis of c-Myc Protein

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Following protein separation by SDS-PAGE, the gel was incubated in renaturation buffer (0.1 mM DTT, 10 mM Tris (pH 7.5), 20 mM EDTA, 50 mM glycine, 4 M urea) for 10 min, and then for 10 min in transfer buffer (25 mM Tris, 192 mM glycine, 20% methanol). Then, the gel was placed in a “transfer sandwich” (pad–filter paper–gel–nitrocellulose membrane–filter paper–pad) in a transfer buffer. The transfer was performed for 1 h at 70 V. Next, the membrane was incubated in a TBS-Casein buffer (Tris-Buffered Saline with 1% (w/v) Casein buffer, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA USA) overnight at room temperature. The membrane was transferred into 5 mL of TBS-Casein buffer with 1μg/mL of primary antibodies specific to the c-myc epitope (PSM103-100, SCI-STORE, Moscow, Russia) and incubated for 1.5 h at room temperature. After incubation, the membrane was washed with TBS-Casein buffer for 5 min three times and incubated in 5 mL of TBS-Casein buffer with rabbit anti-mouse antibodies conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (AP160P, SigmaAldrich, Burlington, MA USA) for 1 h. Finally, the membrane was washed in 10 mM tris-HCl (pH 8.0) for 5 min three times. For membrane staining, the reaction of 3,3′-diaminobenzidine with 3% hydrogen peroxide was performed in 10 mL of 10 mM tris-HCl.
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