Cryptochlorogenic acid

Intestinal Acetone powder from rat sources of α-glucosidase, α-amylase from porcine pancreas type VI-B, TRIS-base, D-glucose, D-fructose, aminoguanidine hydrochloride, sodium azide, bovine serum albumin (BSA), acarbose, caffeic acid, (+)-catechin, cinchonine, starch from rice, sodium chloride, maltose, sucrose, formic acid, phosphate buffered saline, 2,2′- azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), fluorescein, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethychroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), iron(III) chloride, potassium persulfate, 2,4,6-tris-2-pyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ), and acetonitrile were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Acetone, methanol, ethyl acetate, hydrochloric acid, iodine, potassium iodide, disodium phosphate and monosodium phosphate were purchased from Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland). Potato starch and calcium chloride were purchased from POCH (Gliwice, Poland). Chlorogenic acid, cyanidin, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-rutinoside, and quercetin 3-rhamnoside were obtained from Extrasynthese (Lyon, France). NeoChlorogenic acid, cryptoChlorogenic acid, procyanidin C1 were purchased from PhytoLab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). Ultrapurity water was prepared in the laboratory using a Simplicity Water Purification System (Millipore, Marlborough, MA, USA).

Intestinal Acetone powder from a rat source of α-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20), α-amylase from porcine pancreas type VI-B (EC 3.2.1.1), pancreatin from porcine pancreas, pepsin from the gastric mucosa of pigs, bile from bovine and ovine, TRIS-HCl, acarbose, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, (+)-catechin, cinchonine, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, kaempferol 3-glucoside, naringin, sodium chloride, maltose, formic acid, methanol, and acetonitrile were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Acetone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, iodine, potassium iodide, disodium phosphate, and monosodium phosphate were purchased from Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland). Potato starch and calcium chloride were purchased from POCH (Gliwice, Poland) and glucose test from Biomaxima SA (Lublin, Poland). Quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-rutinoside, quercetin 3-rhamnoside, and isorhamnetin 3-glucoside were obtained from Extrasynthese (Lyon, France). Procyanidin C1, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid were purchased from PhytoLab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). Kaempferol was purchased from ICN Biomedicals (Costa Mesa, CA, USA). Ultrapurity water was prepared in the laboratory using a Simplicity Water Purification System (Millipore, Marlborough, MA, USA).

Reference phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, and cryptochlorogenic acid) were obtained from Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). Pancreatin from porcine pancreas (P1625), α-amylase from porcine pancreas (A3176-1Mu), pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa (P6887), mucin from porcine stomach (M2378), and bile from bovine and ovine (B8381) were provided by Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). All other reagents used in our study, if not stated otherwise, were also obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. All cell culture reagents were obtained from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Tissue culture plastics were supplied by Greiner Bio-One GmbH (Frickenhausen, Austria). All the experimental measurements, if not stated otherwise, were performed using the Synergy 2 BioTekMicroplate Reader (BioTek, Winooski, VT, USA).