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6 protocols using p pak1 2

1

Comprehensive Antibody Panel for Cellular Signaling

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The following antibodies were used in this study. PAK1 (2602), p-PAK1/2 (2605), p-AKT (3787), p-ERK (4370), ERK (9102), p-MEK1/2 (9121), MEK1/2 (9122), β-Catenin (8480), cleaved caspase-3 (9661) (Cell Signaling Technology), AR (N-20, SC-816), p63 (4A4), Smooth Muscle actin (A5228), tubulin, vinculin, actin (Sigma-Aldrich), ERG (abcam 92513)
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2

Biochemical Characterization of TIPE2 Signaling

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Assays were performed as we previously described10 (link),18 (link),43 (link). The purity of BMDMs populations was greater than 95% as determined by flow cytometry after staining cells with anti-CD11b-FITC (eBioscience) and anti-F4/80-APC (eBioscience), and the viability was greater than 99% as determined by trypan blue staining. Antibodies to the following antigens were used for immunoblotting and co-immunoprecipitation: Rac1 (EMD Millipore), Rac1/2/3, RhoGDI, AKT, p-AKT (T308), p-AKT (S473), p-GSK-3β (S9), cofilin, p-cofilin (S3), p-PAK1/2 (S144/S141), p-LIMK1 (Thr508)/LIMK2 (Thr505), ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2 (T202/Y204), p-p38 (T180/Y182), mTOR, GAPDH, integrin-β1 (Cell Signaling Technology), TIPE2 (Proteintech), Flag, actin (Sigma-Aldrich,), HA (Cell Signaling Technology). Control IgG (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) anti-rabbit IgG-HRP, and anti-mouse IgG-HRP (GE Healthcare Life Sciences) were also used.
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3

Prostate Cancer Cell Line Characterization

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Metastatic (Androgen independent) prostate cancer cell lines (PC3 and DU145) were obtained from ATCC (Manassas, VA) and maintained in DMEM-High Glucose (Hyclone, Logan, UT) with 10% FBS, 100 units/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin in 5% CO2 humidified atmosphere at 37 °C. Primary antibodies against p-Pak1/2, total Pak1, p-Smad2/3, total Smad2/3, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, Keratin8/18, Snail, Slug, cleaved caspases 9 and 3, TGFβ1, TRAF6 and p-P38-MAPK were purchased from Cell Signaling (Boston, MA). Primary antibody against Rac1 and β-actin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO). Anti-mouse and anti-rabbit HRP conjugated secondary antibodies were purchased from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA). Selective Pak1 inhibitor (IPA 3) was purchased from Tocris bioscience (Minneapolis, MN). SiPak1 and control siRNAs were purchased from Cell Signaling (Boston, MA). Rh-TGFβ1 was purchased from R&D systems (Minneapolis, MN). SiTRAF6, SiSmad2 and AlexaFluor-labelled Phalloidin were purchased from Life technologies (Carlsbad, CA).
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4

Biochemical Characterization of TIPE2 Signaling

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Assays were performed as we previously described10 (link),18 (link),43 (link). The purity of BMDMs populations was greater than 95% as determined by flow cytometry after staining cells with anti-CD11b-FITC (eBioscience) and anti-F4/80-APC (eBioscience), and the viability was greater than 99% as determined by trypan blue staining. Antibodies to the following antigens were used for immunoblotting and co-immunoprecipitation: Rac1 (EMD Millipore), Rac1/2/3, RhoGDI, AKT, p-AKT (T308), p-AKT (S473), p-GSK-3β (S9), cofilin, p-cofilin (S3), p-PAK1/2 (S144/S141), p-LIMK1 (Thr508)/LIMK2 (Thr505), ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2 (T202/Y204), p-p38 (T180/Y182), mTOR, GAPDH, integrin-β1 (Cell Signaling Technology), TIPE2 (Proteintech), Flag, actin (Sigma-Aldrich,), HA (Cell Signaling Technology). Control IgG (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) anti-rabbit IgG-HRP, and anti-mouse IgG-HRP (GE Healthcare Life Sciences) were also used.
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5

Quantification of Cytoskeletal Regulators

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Cells were harvested in EBC lysis buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl at pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM EDTA, 0.5% NP-40), supplemented with Complete Mini Protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktails (Roche, Indianapolis, IN, USA). Cells were lysed and 30–80 µg protein subjected to SDS-PAGE followed by transfer onto an Immobilon-FL PVDF membrane (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) and incubation with the indicated antibodies. Detection was carried out with an Odyssey Infrared Imaging System (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, USA) with IR dye-tagged secondary antibodies (Alexa Fluor 750 goat anti rabbit IgG; Alexa Fluor 750 goat anti mouse IgG, Alexa Fluor 680 goat anti rabbit IgG, Alexa Fluor 680 goat anti mouse IgG from Invitrogen, 1:10,000 dilution). The following antibodies were utilized: p53 (1801; Mount Sinai School of Medicine Hybridoma Center, New York, NY, USA, 1:1000 dilution), YAP, CTGF, MYC, MLC2, RhoA, pan-Rac, Cdc42, ROCK1, ROCK2, GAPDH (Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX, USA, 1:1000 dilution), p-YAP, p-Cofilin, p-MLC2, Cofilin, pPAK1/2, pPAK4/5, PAK2, PAK4, (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA, 1:1000 dilution), TEAD4, (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA, 1:1000 dilution), mouse anti-α-tubulin (1:10,000 dilution), mouse anti-β-actin (Sigma, Saint Louis, MO, USA, 1:10,000 dilution).
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6

Antibody Panel for Cell Signaling

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The following antibodies were used in this study. PAK1 (Cell Signaling, 2602 for IB; Proteintech, 21401-1-AP for IHC), p-PAK1/2 (Cell Signaling, 2605 for IB; Biosynthesis biotechnology, bs-3315R for IHC), p110β (Cell Signaling, 3011), p110α (Cell Signaling, 4249), PTEN (Cell Signaling, 9552), p-AKT (Cell Signaling, 3787), AKT (Cell Signaling, 9272), p-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) (Cell Signaling, 4370 for IB; Proteintech, 28733-1-AP for IHC), ERK (Cell Signaling, 9102), p-MEK1/2 (Cell Signaling, 9121), MEK1/2 (Cell Signaling, 9122), AR (N-20, SC-816), p-S6RP (Ser240/244) (Cell Signaling, 2215), p-S6RP (Ser235/236) (Cell Signaling, 2211), S6RP (Cell Signaling, 2217), Tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich, T5168), Vinculin (Sigma-Aldrich, clone V284), Actin (Cell Signaling, 4970), KRT5 (Covance, PRB-160P), KRT14 (Covance, PRB-155P), KRT18 (Epitomics, 1433-1), Rac1 (Millipore, clone 23A8), CD49f (BioLegend, 313611), Ep-CAM (BioLegend, 118217), Myc (9E10, Santa Cruz, sc-40), Myc-tag (9B11, Cell Signaling, 2276).
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