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67 protocols using supra 35 vp

1

Comprehensive Characterization of Synthesized Materials

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The synthesized
materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)
spectroscopy (Spectrum two, PerkinElmer), Raman spectroscopy (Horiba
T6400 spectrometer with 532 nm laser), X-ray diffraction (XRD) (Philips
X’Pert Pro PW 3050/60, using Ni-filtered Cu Kα radiation,
λ = 0.15418 nm), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (PHI
5000 Versa Probe II, ULVAC-PHI with Al Kα radiation), X-ray
fluorescence (XRF) (PANalytical, Axios, Almelo, Netherland), FESEM
(Model: Zeiss, Supra 35VP, Oberkochen, Germany), and N2 adsorption–desorption study Quantachrome (ASIQ MP), where
the specific surface area was measured by the BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller)
method, and pore size distributions were calculated using the BJH
(Barrett–Joyner–Halenda) method. The microstructural
analysis of the samples was performed by field emission scanning electron
microscopy (Model: Zeiss, Supra 35VP, Oberkochen, Germany) and transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) (Tecnai G2 30ST (FEI).
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2

Characterization of PDMS-Coated Super-Hydrophobic Glass

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The physical properties of the PDSM: SS coated glass slide were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM-EDX, Supra 35VP, Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany), atomic force microscopy (AFM, Nano Navi, SPA400, Seiko Instruments, Chiba, Japan) and goniometer (Model 250-F1, Rame-Hart Instruments Co., Mountain Lakes, NJ, USA). FESEM imaging was conducted with a magnification of 10,000× to obtain clear images of the PDMS: SS super-hydrophobic coating. AFM was conducted in contact mode operation to study the average surface roughness (Ra) and surface energy of the PDMS: SS super-hydrophobic coating in order to understand its effects on biocompatibility. A goniometer was then utilized in this work to ascertain the water contact angle (WCA) and tilting angle (TA) of the synthesized PDMS: SS super-hydrophobic coating and the uncoated glass slide. The samples were carefully placed on a goniometer platform which was attached to the image analyzer. The tests were conducted using sessile drop method which used water droplets with a volume of 5 µL. The WCA and TA were determined using 5 replicates by the Advanced Drop Image software. FESEM was utilized to understand the surface morphology of the PDMS-coated glass slide, which complements the studies on surface roughness, surface energy, water contact angle, and tilting angle.
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3

Electron Irradiation of α-Ag₂WO₄ for Ag NPs

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To irradiate the material with electrons to obtain Ag NPs/α-Ag2WO4:E composite, the α-Ag2WO4 sample was placed in a field emission gun scanning electron microscope (SEM-FEG) using a Supra 35-VP (Carl Zeiss, Germany) with an acceleration voltage of 15 kV for 5 min.
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4

Bacterial Nanofiber Morphometry via SEM

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Three microliters of each bacterial dispersion was pipetted onto a metal stub and air dried, and the nanofiber mats were attached to metal stubs with double-sided conductive tape. The samples were not coated prior to the imaging under scanning electron microscopy (Supra 35 VP; Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Jena, Germany), which was operated at an acceleration voltage of 1 kV, with a secondary detector. The length and width of at least 30 randomly selected bacteria and the diameters of 50 randomly selected nanofibers (as parts not containing any bacteria) were measured using the ImageJ 1.51j8 software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).
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5

Surface Morphology Analysis via FESEM-EDX

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Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM-EDX, Supra 35VP, Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) was used to study the surface morphology of samples at an acceleration voltage of 5 kV. As the substrate was non-conductive, a thin layer of gold was sputtered onto the sample surface to make it conductive in order to obtain a clear FESEM image of the surface morphology [59 (link)].
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6

Droplet Morphology and Surface Analysis of SNEDDS

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TEM was used to detect the droplet morphology of the optimised L-SNEDDS and S-SNEDDS formulations. The optimised SNEDDS formulation (100 µL) was diluted with double distilled water (10 mL). On a carbon-coated copper grid, a drop of emulsion was placed in order to create a thin film for negative staining, and then with the help of filter paper extra solution was removed. After 10 min, one drop of phosphotungstic acid (2% w/v) solution was dripped for about 1 min on the copper grid, and the excess solution was removed. The grid was allowed to dry naturally, and the sample was analysed using TEM [47 (link)].
Surface morphological analysis of raw XH and XH in S-SNEDDS was carried out by SEM. Raw XH, PTN, GUG, SXDP and S-SNEDDS powder were all analyzed using SEM. The samples were secured with conductive tape to a metallic stub (12 mm diameter) prior to the analysis. Supra 35 V P was the data station used (Oberkochen, Zeiss, Germany). The voltage in the range of 5 to 25 kV was used in order to accelerate the electrons [48 (link)].
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7

SEM Imaging of Polymer Surface Morphology

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For scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging of the surface morphology and for the conformation of a successful particle deposition, samples of pristine and functionalized PE and PP foils were cut into small pieces (approx. 0.5 × 0.5 cm2). Afterwards, these pieces were attached to the aluminum sample holders with an adhesive carbon tape in order to ensure conductivity. A Carl Zeiss Supra 35VP scanning electron microscope was employed, with an accelerating voltage of 1 kV and a variable working distance using a 30–20 µm-sized aperture. All images were taken at same magnifications.
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8

Nanofiber Morphology Characterization

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To assess the morphology, the nanofibers were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM, Supra35 VP, Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany) under magnification (5000×). The samples were placed on adhesive tapes fixed to the surface of a stand and evaluated without sputter-coating at the accelerated voltage of 1 kV using a secondary detector. Nanofiber diameters were measured using the Image J software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), and the average nanofiber diameters were determined as the mean values of 70 measurements of randomly selected fibers.
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9

Morphological Analysis of Bi2O3 Nanoparticles

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To analyze the morphology of the nanoparticles, Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM, Zeiss Supra 35VP) was used. This FESEM produces images of a sample by scanning the sample with a focused electron beam. Preparation of the sample was conducted by sprinkling 10 μg of Bi2O3-NR powder onto sample stage of FESEM. The Bi2O3-NR was first dissolved in ethanol and subjected to ultrasonicator for 10 minutes. Then, the dissolved solution was dropped onto a carbon coated 200 mesh copper 62 grid and left for 3 minutes. Any excess suspension was removed by air gun to prevent the sample from agglomerate and gently placed a filter paper on the copper grid. The sample was inserted into the sample chamber and the FESEM was operated at 5 kV to get topography of nanomaterial under various magnifications. The FESEM that generates electron source from field emission will produce a high resolution image. Then the image was analyzed using ImageJ software by counting approximately 100 nanoparticles to determine the average size of Bi2O3-NR.
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10

Visualizing Antibiotic Effects on E. coli

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E. coli O:111 was grown overnight at 37°C, transferred to fresh medium and grown to exponential phase, and further diluted with fresh LB (lysogeny broth) medium to a final density of 4×107 CFU/ml (colony-forming unit/ml). The cells were exposed to peptides at a concentration corresponding to the MIC for 1 h at room temperature. The cells were harvested by centrifugation and fixed by immersion in 4% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer. The bacterial cultures were incubated 1 h on ice and then dehydrated in an ethanol gradient and stored in 100% ethanol. Specimens in100% ethanol were critical point dried in a CO2 atmosphere and mounted on aluminum stubs and finally coated with gold particles in a puttering process. The specimens were examined by a Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope - Supra 35 VP Carl Zeiss.
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