According to the EANM guidelines version 2 (Varrone et al., 2009 (link)) a regular- or low-dose CT can be used for attenuation correction. All subjects underwent a low-dose CT scan using a PET/CT (Siemens Biograph TruePoint PET/CT, tube potential: 120 kVp, voxel size: 0.59 × 0.59 × 1.5 mm3, effective dose: 1 mSv) to keep the radiation exposure as low as possible. For the applicability of the CT scan as AC method, it was preprocessed as described previously (Carney et al., 2006 (link); Ladefoged et al., 2015 (link)). In short, the CT scan was co-registered to the structural MRI. Thereafter, it was segmented into bone and non-bone tissues and a bilinear scaling was applied to estimate the linear attenuation coefficients at 511 keV (Kinahan et al., 1998 (link)). AC CT was used as reference AC method.
Biograph truepoint pet ct
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The Biograph TruePoint PET/CT is a medical imaging system that combines positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) technologies. It is designed to provide high-quality, three-dimensional images of the body for diagnostic and treatment planning purposes.
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6 protocols using biograph truepoint pet ct
1
PET/CT Attenuation Correction with Low-Dose CT
2
Ga-68 DOTATATE PET/CT for Tumor Localization
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After clinical and biochemical evaluation, patients were subjected to functional imaging, including Ga-68 DOTATATE PET/CT (done in all patients, n = 16), F-18 FDG-PET/CT (2/16), and Tc-99 m methyl diphosphonate (MDP) bone scintigraphy (7/16). Informed consent was obtained in all patients before imaging.
Ga-68 DOTATATE PET/CT imaging: Ga-68 was eluted on site from the 68Ge/68Ga generator and labeling done with DOTATATE. Around 75–185 MBq (2–5 mCi) was injected intravenously and imaging was done after 30–45 min. PET/CT was acquired from head to toe for all patients using Siemens Biograph True Point PET-CT. CT with intravenous contrast was used for anatomical characterization. The images were interpreted qualitatively by experienced nuclear medicine physicians. Focal increased uptake on PET with concordant lesions on CT were considered to be the culprit lesions.
All patients with positive Ga-68 DOTATATE PET/CT scans were treated either with surgical excision or medically managed with phosphate and Vitamin D supplements. Resected tumors were subjected to pathological review by experienced pathologist. Treatment response was determined by clinical assessment in terms of symptomatic improvement and normalization of SP and FGF-23 levels.
Ga-68 DOTATATE PET/CT imaging: Ga-68 was eluted on site from the 68Ge/68Ga generator and labeling done with DOTATATE. Around 75–185 MBq (2–5 mCi) was injected intravenously and imaging was done after 30–45 min. PET/CT was acquired from head to toe for all patients using Siemens Biograph True Point PET-CT. CT with intravenous contrast was used for anatomical characterization. The images were interpreted qualitatively by experienced nuclear medicine physicians. Focal increased uptake on PET with concordant lesions on CT were considered to be the culprit lesions.
All patients with positive Ga-68 DOTATATE PET/CT scans were treated either with surgical excision or medically managed with phosphate and Vitamin D supplements. Resected tumors were subjected to pathological review by experienced pathologist. Treatment response was determined by clinical assessment in terms of symptomatic improvement and normalization of SP and FGF-23 levels.
3
PSMA-11 and NaF PET/CT Imaging Protocol
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The patients were imaged for gozetotide [68Ga]-PSMA-11-PET/CT using Biograph TruePoint PET-CT (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). Patients were injected with [68Ga]-PSMA-11; average activity was 350 MBq (range 210–400 MBq). Imaging was performed in two phases: early pelvic body imaging at an average time of 11 ± 4 min and late, whole-body imaging at an average time of 60 ± 5 min.
The whole body was imaged from the calvarium to the mid-thighs, as described in [18 (link)]. Then, (Na18F)-PET/CT imaging was performed at 60 min (range 58–76 min) as a whole-body imaging (from the calvarium to the tips of toes), with an average activity of 222 MBq (range 192 to 251 MBq).
Image data sets were 68Ga-PSMA-11-PET/CT with nominal administered activity 280 MBq, uptake time 60 min, and scan range from the apex to the mid-thighs. Image data sets also included NaF PET/CT with nominal administered activity 220 MBq, uptake time 60 min, and whole-body scan range. Both PET/CT scans were performed on the same PET/CT scanner within a day of each other. A total of 26 patients were analyzed in this study—14 patients in the M group and 12 patients in the N group.
Both [68Ga]-PSMA-11 and Na18F received special permission for clinical use from the Finnish Medical Evaluation Agency (FiMEA). These tracers were produced by MAP Medical Technologies Oy, Tikkakoski, Finland.
The whole body was imaged from the calvarium to the mid-thighs, as described in [18 (link)]. Then, (Na18F)-PET/CT imaging was performed at 60 min (range 58–76 min) as a whole-body imaging (from the calvarium to the tips of toes), with an average activity of 222 MBq (range 192 to 251 MBq).
Image data sets were 68Ga-PSMA-11-PET/CT with nominal administered activity 280 MBq, uptake time 60 min, and scan range from the apex to the mid-thighs. Image data sets also included NaF PET/CT with nominal administered activity 220 MBq, uptake time 60 min, and whole-body scan range. Both PET/CT scans were performed on the same PET/CT scanner within a day of each other. A total of 26 patients were analyzed in this study—14 patients in the M group and 12 patients in the N group.
Both [68Ga]-PSMA-11 and Na18F received special permission for clinical use from the Finnish Medical Evaluation Agency (FiMEA). These tracers were produced by MAP Medical Technologies Oy, Tikkakoski, Finland.
4
3D-Printed N95 Respirator Design from CT Scans
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To aid in designing 3D-printed N95 respirators, CT acquisitions of commercial N95 respirators were acquired both alone and donned on an anthropomorphic head CT phantom (Fig 1 ). CT imaging was performed (kVp 120, mAs 200, slice thickness of 0.6 mm) was performed with a Siemens Biograph TruePoint PET/CT (Siemens, Munich, Germany). Both small and regular-sized commercial N95 respirators (disposable 3M 1860 Health Care Particulate N95 FFR Respirators [3M, St. Paul, MN]) were imaged. Using 3D Slicer (Kitware, Inc., New York, NY) (19 (link)), CT data was processed to match the contours of the scanned mask, these data were imported to Blender v2.81 (Blender Foundation, Amsterdam) to design the N95 respirator. To further aid in 3D-printed mask designs, another CT examination was performed with the same protocol with a mid-iteration 3D printed mask both in isolation and fitted on the anthropomorphic head CT phantom.Fig 1 ![]()
CT acquisition of a commercial N95 respirator to aid in generation of a 3D printed mask. Photographs and computed tomography (CT) acquisition images of a commercial N95 respirator in isolation (A, B) and positioned on an anthropomorphic head CT phantom (C, D). (Color version of figure is available online.)
5
Metabolic Imaging of Pulmonary Malignancy
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A total of 52 patients matched the inclusion criteria. All patients were required to fast for at least 6 h before 18F-FDG (5.55 MBq/kg) intravenous injection. Acquisition was conducted 60 min after the injection. The patient was placed in a supine position on the scanner bed. Imaging data were acquired from the skull to the thigh at a 1.5 min/bed position. Low-dose CT was performed for attenuation correction and lesion localization.
All patients with PMLAC received high-resolution thin-layer chest CT at maximum inspiration by using the same machine after the routine PET/CT scan, with 120 kVp, 140 mAs, and a pitch of 1.2. The image was reconstructed using a medium sharp reconstruction algorithm with a thickness of 1 mm. The CT image was photographed using a window level of −600 HU and a window width of 1200 HU for the lung window.
Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn manually on the lesion sites based on the corresponding CT images.
The PET/CT Scanner was from Siemens (Biograph True Point PET/CT). Two physicians evaluated the images independently, and discrepancies were resolved by consultation.
All patients with PMLAC received high-resolution thin-layer chest CT at maximum inspiration by using the same machine after the routine PET/CT scan, with 120 kVp, 140 mAs, and a pitch of 1.2. The image was reconstructed using a medium sharp reconstruction algorithm with a thickness of 1 mm. The CT image was photographed using a window level of −600 HU and a window width of 1200 HU for the lung window.
Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn manually on the lesion sites based on the corresponding CT images.
The PET/CT Scanner was from Siemens (Biograph True Point PET/CT). Two physicians evaluated the images independently, and discrepancies were resolved by consultation.
6
68Ga-PSMA PET/CT Imaging Protocol
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We applied 68 Ga-PSMA labeling according to a protocol described in the literature (12) . 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT was performed on a dedicated PET/CT scanner (Biograph TruePoint PET/CT; Siemens Healthcare) at 45-60 min after the intravenous injection of approximately 185 MBq of 68 Ga-PSMA. An iodine-based oral contrast agent was administered to all patients. The whole body of all patients was scanned in 2 steps. A scan was acquired from the top of the head through the upper thigh, and a separate scan was acquired of the rest of the lower limbs. The CT acquisition was performed on a spiral CT scanner, with a slice thickness of 4 mm and a pitch of 1. After the CT scan, 3-dimensional PET images were acquired for 3 min per bed position for limited whole-body imaging and 2 min per bed position for lower-limb imaging. CTbased attenuation correction of the emission images was used. PET images were reconstructed by the iterative method using ordered-subset expectation maximization (2 iterations and 8 subsets). After completion of the PET acquisition, the reconstructed attenuation-corrected PET images, CT images, and fused PET/CT images were reviewed. The effective doses for additional lowerlimb CT examinations were calculated by summing the tissueweighted equivalent doses for all tissues irradiated based on ICRP-103 weighting factors (13)
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