Contact angles were measured using a DSA 10 MK2 drop-shape analysis system (Kruss, Germany) as previously described.30 (link)-31 A 1 μl aliquot of H2O was dispensed manually onto the surface of interest for contact angle analysis. Contact angles were measured using sessile drop method at ten locations on each surface, and repeated for three independent surfaces per modification.
Dsa 10 mk2 drop shape analysis system
Manufactured by Krüss
Sourced in Germany
The DSA 10 MK2 is a drop-shape analysis system manufactured by Krüss. It is designed to measure the contact angle of liquids on solid surfaces. The system utilizes a camera and software to capture and analyze the shape of a liquid droplet on a sample, providing accurate measurements of the contact angle.
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5 protocols using dsa 10 mk2 drop shape analysis system
1
Water Contact Angle Measurement
2
Characterizing Material Surface Topography
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To characterize the topography of the materials surfaces atomic force microscopy (AFM) in tapping mode was used. All measurements were performed in air with a Dimension 3100 (Bruker, Santa Barbara, CA, USA) equipped with a Nanoscope IV controller. Silicon cantilever Bruker RTESP (Bruker, Santa Barbara, CA, USA) with a resonance frequency of 315–364 kHz, a spring constant between 20–80 N/m and a maximal tip radius of 12 nm was used. The scan size was 2 μm × 2 μm and the scan rate was 2 Hz at three randomly chosen positions of each sample. For image analysis, the NanoScope Analysis software 1.5 (Bruker, Santa Barbara, CA, USA) was used.
The contact angles were obtained by dynamic sessile drop method using a drop shape analysis system (DSA 10Mk2 Drop shape analysis system, Krüss, Hamburg, Germany). Deionized water with a flow rate of 10 μL/min and a drop volume of 2.5 μL were used to perform measurements on three randomly chosen positions of each sample. Ten images per run were recorded by a camera (n = 30 images per each sample) and analyzed according to the tangent method using software supplied by the manufacturer.
The contact angles were obtained by dynamic sessile drop method using a drop shape analysis system (DSA 10Mk2 Drop shape analysis system, Krüss, Hamburg, Germany). Deionized water with a flow rate of 10 μL/min and a drop volume of 2.5 μL were used to perform measurements on three randomly chosen positions of each sample. Ten images per run were recorded by a camera (n = 30 images per each sample) and analyzed according to the tangent method using software supplied by the manufacturer.
3
Solvent Cleaning and Contact Angle Measurement
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Prior to performing the contact angle measurements, the samples were cleaned by sequential ultrasonication in acetone, cyclohexane, and acetone. Water drop contact angles were determined within 10 min after solvent cleaning, and a DSA 10 Mk2 drop-shape analysis system (Krüss™, Hamburg, Germany) was used with the sessile drop method.
4
Polymer Surface Characterization Methods
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Optical measurements are realized by taking an image with a Samsung Galaxy A5 (2017, Samsung Electronics, Seoul, South Korea) in a custom-made Photobox (see Figure S1 ) and analyzing the intensity of the adsorbed bead labelled antibodies, using the software ImageJ (University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA). For image analysis, the background intensity is subtracted and the calculated values are normalized. Each intensity measurement, shown in this work, is repeated eight times, unless otherwise stated.
In order to estimate the amount of adsorbed bead labelled antibodies, SEM images with a JEOL 7100F (JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) are carried out. A very low acceleration voltage of 1 keV is used to overcome charging effects and degradation of the polymer during observation. Detailed spectra of oxygen and nitrogen are recorded by XPS, using the Physical Electronics 5600ci (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA) to study the influence of the plasma gas composition on the biomolecule immobilization. For the investigation of the surface wettability, contact angle measurements are also performed using a Drop Shape Analysis System DSA 10 MK2 (Krüss, Hamburg, Germany) along with a dispensing needle (Type #5125-1-B, acquired from Nordson EFD, Westlake, OH, USA). Here, the dynamic measurement mode is used by applying 10 µL water droplets. Each measurement is repeated four times.
In order to estimate the amount of adsorbed bead labelled antibodies, SEM images with a JEOL 7100F (JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) are carried out. A very low acceleration voltage of 1 keV is used to overcome charging effects and degradation of the polymer during observation. Detailed spectra of oxygen and nitrogen are recorded by XPS, using the Physical Electronics 5600ci (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA) to study the influence of the plasma gas composition on the biomolecule immobilization. For the investigation of the surface wettability, contact angle measurements are also performed using a Drop Shape Analysis System DSA 10 MK2 (Krüss, Hamburg, Germany) along with a dispensing needle (Type #5125-1-B, acquired from Nordson EFD, Westlake, OH, USA). Here, the dynamic measurement mode is used by applying 10 µL water droplets. Each measurement is repeated four times.
5
Wettability Characterization of Prepared Materials
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Wettability of prepared materials was measured by a sessile drop method followed by Drop Shape Analysis system—DSA 10Mk2, Kruss, Germany. Contact angle was determined for polar solvent which was ultra-high quality (UHQ) water (Purelab UHQ, Elga) of resistivity 18 MΩ/cm, and non-polar diodomethane (Sigma Aldrich). Surface free energy was calculated according to the Owens, Wendt, Rabel and Kaelble (OWRK) approach.
The mean contact angle values and deviation were determined from three repetitions measurements at different spots on the sample.
The mean contact angle values and deviation were determined from three repetitions measurements at different spots on the sample.
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