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12 protocols using astrios cell sorter

1

Intracellular Delivery of PLGA-GET NPs

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To demonstrate the enhanced delivery of PLGA NPs intracellularly, hydrophilic dye Atto590 and hydrophobic dye Nile Red encapsulated PLGA-GET NPs were delivered to NIH3T3 or IHMSCs cells. The complex was incubated overnight with the cells in either GM or SFM. The following day, transduced cells were washed twice with PBS and imaged by fluorescent microscopy (Leica DM IRB) using a green laser before being processed for flow cytometry. For flow cytometry, cells were trypsinized with trypsin/EDTA [0.25% (w/v) trypsin/2 mM EDTA] and fixed with 4% (w/v) paraformaldehyde (PFA). PLGA-GET cellular internalization was quantified using a Beckman Astrios Cell Sorter and 590 nm laser (20,000 cells, gated on untreated cells by forward/side scatter). Mean fluorescence intensity was used for statistical analysis.
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2

Isolation and Expansion of CMV-specific CD4+ T Cells

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Cryopreserved PBMC from CMV-seropositive healthy blood donors were thawed and cultured in the presence of UV-inactivated CMV antigen as previously described26 (link). The antigen, derived from CMV strain AD 169 grown and in human lung fibroblasts tissue culture, was tittered in optimization assays to yield maximum lymphocyte proliferation in the conditions used in this report. The final concentration of antigen in the assays corresponded to approximately 5*104 plaque forming units/ml. Mock-infected control was processed similar to the CMV-antigen but without the viral infection step. After six days of stimulation, PBMC were washed with 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) in PBS and stained with anti-CD4 APC (BD Biosciences, clone RPA-T4), anti-CD27 PE (BD Biosciences, clone M-T271), anti-CD28-FITC (BD Biosciences, clone CD28.2) for 30 minutes in the dark. After incubation, PBMC were washed with 2% FBS in PBS and CD4+CD27-CD28- cells were separated using an Astrios cell sorter (Beckman Coulter). Cell purity was ≥98%. Sorted CD4+CD27-CD28- cells were cultured with autologous PBMC in the presence of CMV antigen for six days.
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3

Targeted Protein Knockdown in Jurkat Cells

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Three or four Sherwood UltramiR shRNA viral particles (106–107 TU/mL) against each of the 15 protein targets of interest were obtained from TransOmic Technologies. The pZIP (SFFV) shRNA-mir lentivectors constitutively express the short hairpin RNA (shRNA-mir), puromycin selection marker and red fluorescent protein (RFP) driven by the Spleen Focus Forming Virus (SFFV) promoter. Jurkat cells (2.1×105) were transduced with 100 μL of pooled pseudoviruses for each protein target separately at a MOI of 2.5. Spinoculation was conducted at 1,200 × g for 2 h at 23°C in a flat-bottom 96-well plate. Cells were incubated at 37°C for 72 h then sorted on RFP+ expression on an Astrios cell sorter (Beckman Coulter). Bulk populations were then kept in culture under 0.7 μg/mL puromycin selection. Single clones expressing high levels of RFP+ cells were selected from the bulk population on the BD FACSAria III. Bulk and single clones were maintained under constant puromycin selection then surviving clones were expanded. Cells were collected for RT-qPCR analysis as well as immunoblotting.
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4

Isolation and Identification of Muscle Cell Populations

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For isolation of cell populations, tibialis anterior, quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles were collected uninjured or 3 days after glycerol injection and digested with Dispase II (2.5 U/ml) (Roche), Collagenase B (0.2%) (Roche) and MgCl2 (5 mM) at 37 °C. Cells were then incubated at 4 °C for 30 min with antibodies against CD45 (Invitrogen, MCD4501 or MCD4528; dilution for both 1/25), CD31 (Invitrogen, RM5201 or RM5228; dilution for both 1/25), CD11b (Invitrogen, RM2801 or RM2828; dilution for both 1/25), CD34 (BD Biosciences, 560230 or 560238; dilution for both 1/60), Ly-6A–Ly-6E (Sca1) (BD Biosciences, 561021; dilution 1/150), α7-integrin (R&D, FAB3518N; dilution 1/30) and CD140a (eBioscience, 12–1401–81 or 17–1401–81; dilution for both 1/30). Antibody validation is provided on the manufacturer’s website. Specific cell subsets were isolated with a Beckman Coulter Astrios Cell sorter as described below and represented in supplementary figures S1 and S3A. MuSCs were identified as CD31/CD11b/CD45/Sca1/CD34+/Integrin α7+ and Fibro/Adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) were identified as CD31/CD11b/CD45/Sca1+/CD34+/PDGFRα+. Lineage positive cells (Lin+) were identified as: CD31+/CD11b+/CD45+. CD31/CD11b/CD45/Sca1+/CD34+/PDGFRα cells were also collected and named PDGFRα cells.
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5

Quantifying Metabolic Capacity in LCLs

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LCLs were stained with CD54 (ICAM-1) antibody (PE, Biolegend #HA58) according to the supplier’s manual. Then, cells were sorted on a Beckman Coulter Astrios cell sorter by anti-CD54 fluorescence, with ICAM-1-high and ICAM-1-low being defined as the top 15% and bottom 15%, respectively. 24 hr after sorting of ICAM-1-high and ICAM-1-low LCLs, extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) were measured using the Seahorse XF24 extracellular flux analyzer (Agilent Technologies) Cell Energy Phenotype Test. Suspension LCLs were attached to culture plates by using Cell-Tak (BD Bioscience). ECAR and OCR were measured in Seahorse XF Base Medium supplemented with 1 mM pyruvate, 2 mM glutamine, and 10 mM glucose (Sigma Aldrich). ECAR and OCR values were normalized to cell number. For stress measurements, ECAR and OCR were measured over time after injection of oligomycin and FCCP. Metabolic potential measures the ability of cells to meet energetic demands under conditions of stress and is the percentage increase of stressed over baseline ECAR or OCR.
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6

Multiparametric flow cytometry protocol

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Extracellular staining was performed with the relevant titrated antibodies in staining buffer (PBS 0.5% BSA, 2 mM EDTA and anti–FcR 2.4G2 produced in house) for 20 min at 4°C. Staining for transcription factors or cytokines was performed on fixed and permeabilized cells using the appropriate kits (Foxp3 Fixation kit (Thermofisher) and BD Fix/Perm kit, respectively) as per manufacturer instructions, followed by 20 min incubation at 4°C with the relevant titrated antibodies. If needed, tetramer staining was performed before the extracellular staining step, for 30 min at room temperature in staining buffer containing MR1 tetramers loaded with 5-OP-RU or 6-FP with or without CD1d tetramers loaded with PBS-57 (both tetramers from the NIH Tetramer Core Facility; Emory University, GA) and anti-TCRβ. Flow cytometry acquisition was performed on a Cytoflex (Beckman) or Fortessa cytometer (BD). FACS was performed on an Astrios cell sorter (Beckman Coulter). Data were analyzed using FlowJo software.
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7

Generation of Inducible and Fluorescent KLK14 LNCaP Cell Lines

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To generate inducible‐KLK14‐LNCaP cells (iKLK14‐LNCaP), the coding sequence of human pre‐pro‐KLK14 (UniProt accession: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9P0G3, CCDS12823.2) was cloned into the pLIX402 vector (tetracycline‐inducible lentiviral expression; Addgene, Watertown, MA, USA, #41394). To generate inducible catalytically inactive KLK14 (imKLK14), the codon encoding the catalytic serine at position 195 was mutated to encode an alanine (S195A). As a control, the pLIX402 vector containing GFP sequence was used. To generate expression vectors encoding mKLK14‐GFP and KLK14‐GFP, the STOP codon in the KLK14 coding sequence was deleted to allow the addition of a GFP‐tag at the C terminus of KLK14. Lentiviral particles generated in HEK293‐Freestyle cells were used to transduce LNCaP cells which were subsequently selected with puromycin. To generate mKO2‐LNCaP cells, cells were transduced using the pLEX307 (constitutive lentiviral expression, Addgene #41392) plasmid containing the coding sequence of mKO2 protein and highly fluorescent cells were sorted using an Astrios cell sorter (Beckman Coulter, Lane Cove West, Australia).
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8

CRISPR-Based IFN Response Screening

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The sgRNA library was packaged into lentivirus as previously described (78 (link)). After packaging and titering the lentivirus, 2×108 A549-CRISPR-SAM-IFN response reporter cells were seeded onto 15 cm plates (10 plates total). The next day they were transduced with the packaged sgRNA library at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.5. After 48 h, the transduced cells were split and half were collected as a transduction control, and the remaining half were plated back onto 15 cm plates. The next day, cells were treated with IFN-α2 (4×103 U/mL) for 6 h. Cells were then collected and sorted on a Beckman Coulter Astrios cell sorter. Specifically, gates were set to sort sfGFP-negative cells as the population of interest, as well as sfGFP-positive cells as a control population of cells still capable of signaling. This screen was performed in duplicate. Genomic DNA was extracted from sorted cells using the Zymo Quick gDNA micro prep kit. PCR was subsequently performed using barcoded primers as previously described using the NEB Next High Fidelity 2x PCR master mix (78 (link)). PCR bands were gel purified using the Thermo GeneJET gel extraction kit. Samples were then sequenced by next-generation Illumina MiSeq using paired-end 150 bp reads.
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9

Quantifying Enhanced GFP Expression

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Enhanced GFP fluorescence in
cells was assessed by fluorescence
microscopy and flow cytometry. Transfected cells as monolayers were
washed twice with PBS and imaged by fluorescent microscopy (Leica
DM IRB) using a blue laser for GFP. For flow cytometry, monolayer
cultured cells were trypsinized with trypsin/EDTA (0.25% (w/v) trypsin/2
mM EDTA) and fixed with 4% (w/v) paraformaldehyde (PFA). GFP reporter
expression was quantified using a Beckman Astrios Cell Sorter and
590 nm laser (20,000 cells minimum, gated on untreated cells by forward/side
scatter). Mean fluorescence intensity was used for statistical analysis.
Scatter plots and histogram graphs were produced by using Weasel flow
cytometry analysis software.
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10

Isolation of Activated CD8+ T Cells

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Twenty-four hours following re-stimulation, cells were collected and stained with fluorescently-labeled antibodies for FACS using an Astrios cell sorter (Beckman Coulter) using the following surface antibodies: CD3 (BD Biosciences, #612750), CD8 (BD Biosciences, #612889), CD69 (BD Biosciences, #564364), CCR7 (Biolegend, #353218), CD45RO (Biolegend, #304238), CD137 (Biolegend, #309828), and CD25 (Biolegend, #356104). Gates for forward scatter plot, side scatter plot, and fluorescent channels were set to select live cells while excluding debris and doublets. A 100 µm nozzle was used to sort single CD3 + CD8 + CD45RO + CD137 + cells for further processing.
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