Sodium caseinate sc

Bovine micellar casein and whey protein isolate were obtained by microfiltration as reported elsewhere [30] (link). Soy protein isolate (Premium Powders Pty Ltd), pea protein isolate (True Protein Pty Ltd), titanium dioxide (P₂₅, ≥99.5%, 21 nm primary particle size, Sigma-Aldrich), two graphite materials (synthetic powder, <20 µm, Sigma-Aldrich; and natural flakes, −325 mesh, Sigma-Aldrich), chitosan (from shrimp shells, ≥75% deacetylated, Sigma-Aldrich), sodium caseinate (SC, Sigma-Aldrich), gold(III) chloride trihydrate (≥99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich), cyclohexane, decane, dodecane, tetradecane and hexadecane (≥99% for all alkanes, Sigma-Aldrich), sunflower oil, skim milk powder, butter (local supermarket), polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR, Palsgaard A/S), single-layer graphene oxide suspension (SKU# GNO1W001, 10 mg mL⁻¹, ACS Material, LLC) were used as received. Analytical grade chemicals, including sodium chloride, L-ascorbic acid, potassium permanganate, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, tri-potassium citrate, calcium chloride, dipotassium phosphate, were obtained from Chem-Supply. Milli-Q water was used in all experiments.