Gyy4137

Manufactured by Santa Cruz Biotechnology

Sourced in Germany

GYY4137 is a chemical compound that functions as a slow-releasing donor of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a signaling molecule with diverse biological effects. It is commonly used in biological research to study the physiological and pathological roles of H2S.

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Lab products found in correlation

5 protocols using gyy4137

Detailed Reagents for Sulfur Signaling Research

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Antimycin A, equine heart ferric Cyt C, HSA, iodoacetamide, and Na₂S nonahydrate (99.99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Sodium disulfide (Na₂S₂) was from Dojindo Molecular Technologies, and monobromobimane FluoroPure grade was from Molecular Probes (Grand Island, NY). GYY4137, AP39, and MeRho-Az were synthesized in house as described previously.^{35 (link),36 ,49} 2-(Methylsulfonyl)-1,3-benzothiazole was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, and CN-Cy3 was synthesized as reported previously.^{33 (link)} Murine procaspase 9 was from Enzo Life Science. The siRNA for Cyt C was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. For the anaerobic experiments, buffers were purged with argon. To maintain high purity, Na₂S solutions were made in an argon box by dissolving solid Na₂S·9H₂O into argon-purged water, as recommended.^{2 (link),19 (link)}

Vitvitsky V., Miljkovic J.L., Bostelaar T., Adhikari B., Yadav P.K., Steiger A.K., Torregrossa R., Pluth M.D., Whiteman M., Banerjee R, & Filipovic M.R. (2018). Cytochrome c Reduction by H2S Potentiates Sulfide Signaling. ACS chemical biology, 13(8), 2300-2307.

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Synovial Tissue Macrophage Modulation

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Synovial tissues were obtained from 10 OA patients (4 females and 6 males; median age was 73.3 [77.5–69.5] years old) and 10 OA-DB patients (2 females and 8 males; median age was 74.6 [83.4–65.8] years old) who underwent joint replacement surgery and gave informed consent. This study was reviewed and approved by the Local Ethics Committee. Samples were subsequently embedded in paraffin for obtaining 4 µm-thick histological section. For in vitro experiments, we used the immortalized cell line of monocytes TPH-1 that was maintained in Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium (RPMI)-1640 (ThermoFisher, Madrid, Spain) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2 mM l-glutamine, 100 mg/mL streptomycin, and 100 U/mL penicillin (Lonza, Basel, Switzerland). TPH-1 were differentiated into macrophages after treatment with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA; 500 nM) (Sigma-Aldrich, St Lois, USA) for 3 h [8 (link)]. Thereafter, macrophages were incubated in RPMI-1640 2% FBS with 1 g/l glucose (normal glucose, NG) or 4.5 g/l (high glucose, HG) and stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS; 1 ug/ml) (Sigma-Aldrich, San Luis, MO, USA), a classical inductor of M1-like macrophages [14 (link), 29 ], in the presence or absence of a slow-releasing H₂S donor, GYY-4137 (500 µM) (SantaCruz Biotechnology, Heidelberg, Germany), based on previous research [46 , 66 (link)].

Lendoiro-Cino N., Rodríguez-Coello A., Saborido A., F-Burguera E., Fernández-Rodríguez J.A., Meijide-Faílde R., Blanco F.J, & Vaamonde-García C. (2023). Study of hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis in synovial tissue from diabetes-associated osteoarthritis and its influence on macrophage phenotype and abundance. Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, 79(3), 653-667.

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Redox Modulators for Cell Culture

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DMEM-Ham's F-12 (1:1) was purchased from GIBCO (Grand Island, NY), and the synthetic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) containing peptide was purchased from American Peptide Company (Sunnyvale, CA). Reagents were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) with the exception of GYY4137 and Glyburide (glibenclamide) which were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX). All reagents (Na₂S+9H₂O, GYY4137, glibenclamide, pinacidil, cromakalim, diazoxide, and proparglyglycine) were reconstituted in either sterile distilled water or DMSO, frozen in aliquots, and diluted appropriately in serum-free media on the day of use.

Fitzgerald R., DeSantiago B., Lee D.Y., Yang G., Kim J.Y., Foster D.B., Chan-Li Y., Horton M.R., Panettieri R.A., Wang R, & An S.S. (2014). H2S relaxes isolated human airway smooth muscle cells via the sarcolemmal KATP channel. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 446(1), 393-398.

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Chondrocyte H2S Response Under Glucose Stress

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Articular chondrocytes were seeded on 6-well plates (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) for RNA and protein isolation; 12-well plates (BD Biosciences) for flow cytometry; and 96-well plates (BD Biosciences) for the IL-6 immunoenzymatic assay. After seeding, cells were cultured in DMEM with 1 g/L glucose (5.5 mM) (Gibco) and 10% FBS for at least one week. Then, quiescence was induced by culturing the cells in DMEM with 1 g/L glucose and 0.5% FBS for 48 h. Afterwards, experiments were performed in DMEM without FBS and with high glucose (4.5 g/L, HG) or low glucose (1 g/L, NG). IL-1β (5 ng/mL) (407615; Sigma-Aldrich Química S.A.) was employed to induce an inflammatory response, and the effect of the H₂S donors NaSH (500 µM) (161527; Sigma-Aldrich) and GYY-4137 (500 µM) (sc-224013; SantaCruz Biotechnology, Heidelberg, Germany) in these two different environments (HG vs. NG) was evaluated.

Piñeiro-Ramil M., Burguera E.F., Hermida-Gómez T., Caramés B., Oreiro-Villar N., Meijide-Faílde R., Blanco F.J, & Vaamonde-García C. (2022). Reduced Levels of H2S in Diabetes-Associated Osteoarthritis Are Linked to Hyperglycaemia, Nrf-2/HO-1 Signalling Downregulation and Chondrocyte Dysfunction. Antioxidants, 11(4), 628.

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Chondrocyte Culture and Glycosaminoglycan Analysis

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Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS) and Penicillin/streptomycin (P/S, 100units/ml and 100 μg/ml, respectively) were from Gibco (Gibco, Madrid, Spain). Culture flasks, well plates and other disposable culture plastic were purchased from BD (BD Bioscience, Madrid, Spain). Sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) and human recombinant IL-1β were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich Química S.A, Madrid Spain). GYY4137 (morpholin-4-ium 4 methoxyphenyl(morpholino phosphinodithioate)) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Heidelberg, Germany. Antibodies and conditions used for IHC are in Table 1. The GAGs quantification assay (Blyscan) was from Scharlab S.L. (Barcelona, Spain). Reagents for tissue histology were from either Merck or Sigma-Aldrich, except for alcian blue (AB) (Applichem, VWR International Eurolab S.L. Barcelona, Spain) and DePex (Gurr ® , VWR International Eurolab S.L. Barcelona, Spain). Those for immunohistochemistry (IHC) were from Dako (Dako, Barcelona, Spain).

Vela-Anero Á., Hermida-Gómez T., Gato-Calvo L., Vaamonde-García C., Díaz-Prado S., Meijide-Faílde R., Blanco F.J, & Burguera E.F. (2017). Long-term effects of hydrogen sulfide on the anabolic-catabolic balance of articular cartilage in vitro. Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry, 70.

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