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13 protocols using zetasizer aps

1

DMPC Liposome Formation and rHDL Characterization

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1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC; Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabaster, AL, USA) was formed into 100 nm multilamellar vesicles (MLV) via extrusion using the LiposoFast system (Avestin, Ottawa, ON, Canada) as previously described [7 (link)]. MLV were incubated with RG54 or ApoA-I at the indicated ratios for 4 days at 24°C to form rHDL. The resulting particle sizes were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) using a Zetasizer APS (Malvern Instruments, Uppsala, Sweden).
Turbid MLV solutions at 30 nmol/l DMPC were combined with PBS, RG54 or ApoA-I at a 1:100 molar ratio, and lipid binding at 25°C was measured by absorbance at 325 nm at the indicated times. Readings were fitted to one-way decay of non-linear regression.
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2

Characterizing siRNA Complexes Using DLS and NTA

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The hydrodynamic diameter of the siRNA complexes was determined by DLS, using a Zetasizer APS (Malvern Panalytical, Spectris plc, Egham, Surrey, UK) with a nominal 5 mV He-Ne laser operating at a 633 nm wavelength. The refractive index of the lipid-based carriers and polymer-based carriers was 1.33 and 1.450, respectively, and the viscosity was 0.8872 cP at 25 °C. For each sample, three separate measurements were conducted with 20 runs each. The size of the lipidoid and commercial complexes was analyzed by NTA using a NanoSight LM10 system (Malvern Panalytical, Spectris plc, Egham, Surrey, UK) fitted with a high-sensitivity cCMOS camera and a 405 nm laser. Each sample was appropriately diluted in PBS before the measurement. Videos of 60 s were recorded and analyzed with the NTA software (version 3.1, build 3.1.45). The concentration ranges of the particles were between 108 and 109 particles per mL. Three measurements per sample were taken.
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3

Characterization of Nanoparticle Properties

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Size (Diameter, Z-average) of particles and polydispersity index (PDI) was determined by dynamic light scattering utilising a Malvern Zetasizer (λ = 633 nm, scattering angle = 173°) for particles formed by NanoAssemblr or a Malvern Zetasizer APS (λ = 832 nm, scattering angle = 90°) for particles formed by pipetting. In both cases standard viscosity and refractive index values for pure water at 25 °C, 0.8872 mPa and 1.33 respectively, were used for data analysis within Zetasizer software (v7.12, Malvern).
Ribogreen dye (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was used according to manufacturer’s guidelines ± 1% Triton to ascertain encapsulated mRNA by comparison to a relevant mRNA standard curve.
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4

Absolute Molecular Mass Determination of His-CypA

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Size‐exclusion chromatography (ÄKTAMicro™; GE Healthcare) coupled with UV, static light scattering and refractive index (RI) detection (Viscotec SEC‐MALS 20 and Viscotek RI Detector VE3580; Malvern Instruments, Malvern, Worcestershire, UK) were used to determine the absolute molecular mass of His‐CypA in solution. Multiple injections of 100 μL of 1 mg·mL−1 (47.5 μm) His‐CypA were run on a calibrated Superdex‐75 10/300 GL (GE Healthcare) size exclusion column pre‐equilibrated in 10 mm NaH2PO4, pH 7.5; 150 mm NaCl; 50 μm EDTA at 22 °C with a flow rate of 0.8 mL·min−1. Light scattering, RI and A280 nm were analysed by a homo‐polymer model (omnisec software, v5.02; Malvern Instruments) using the following parameters for His‐CypA: ∂A280 nm/∂c = 0.71 AU·mL−1·mg−1, ∂n/∂c = 0.185 mL·g−1 and buffer RI value of 1.334. Mass distribution analysis of the pure His‐CypA protein solutions by dynamic light scattering (DLS) was performed on a Zetasizer APS (Malvern Instruments) with five repeat runs of 60 μL (1 mg·mL−1) in 10 mm NaH2PO4, pH 7.5; 150 mm NaCl; 50 μm EDTA, at 22 °C, with a 120‐s equilibration.
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5

Multi-technique Characterization of Nanoparticles

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TEM images were examined by a Hitachi HT7700 all-digital 120 kV transmission electron microscope. HADDF-STEM was conducted using Thermo Scientific Talos F200S. DLS was recorded on a Malvern Instruments, Zetasizer APS. CD spectrum was measured by a BioLogic Science Instruments MOS-450 spectrometer.
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6

Particle Size Analysis of GLA-SE Emulsion

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Particle mean hydrodynamic diameter (Z-average diameter) and polydispersity index were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) at a 90° angle using a Malvern Zetasizer APS (Malvern, UK) as has been previously described.25 (link) Samples were diluted 1:10 in Milli-Q water in a 96-well plate and mixed gently with a pipette. Three measurements were made for each sample. For GLA-SE excipient compatibility studies, diluted excipient without GLA-SE was also measured to confirm that changes in the particle size can be attributed to interactions between the emulsion and the excipient rather than particles in the excipient.
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7

Nanoparticle Characterization by DLS and Zeta

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Particle size and surface charge for all nanoparticle formulations were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential measured on a Malvern Zetasizer APS at 5 mg/mL in PBS (1x) and 2 mg/mL in PBS (0.1x), respectively measured in DTS1170 cuvettes (Malvern) at 25 °C. All absorbance and fluorescent spectra (e.g, CANDIAF647 analogs) were performed with a multimode microplate reader (Tecan, Spark 500) using 96-well transparent bottom black polystyrene microplates (Corning).
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8

Measuring Nanoparticle Hydrodynamic Diameter

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Average hydrodynamic diameter (Z-ave) was measured using dynamic light scattering with a Zetasizer APS (Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, UK) as previously described (Chan et al., 2017 (link)). One replicate of each sample was diluted 10-fold in freshly dispensed Milli-Q water and measured three times.
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9

Liposome Size and Charge Characterization

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The size and ζ-potential of the liposomes were analyzed with a Zetasizer APS dynamic light scattering automated plate sampler (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, United Kingdom) and reported as hydrodynamic diameters (Dh) and polydispersity index (PDI). Dh, PDI and ζ-potentials were averaged and corresponding standard deviations (SD) were calculated based on data obtained from at least three independent liposomal formulations.
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10

Mass distribution analysis of M2PYK

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Mass distribution analysis of M2PYK mutant protein solutions by dynamic light scattering was performed on a Zetasizer APS (Malvern Instruments) with five repeat runs of 60 μl (1 mg ml−1) in PBS-CM, at 22°C, with a 120-s equilibration.
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