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6 protocols using ab190828

1

Protein Expression Analysis of Oxidative Stress

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The protein extracts prepared after sample collection were detected by WB. The oxidative stress–associated protein nuclear factor–erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2; ab92946, Abcam), lipid peroxidation–associated protein malondialdehyde (MDA; ab27642, Abcam), mitochondrial injury–associated protein cytochrome c oxidase IV (COXIV; ab202554, Abcam), heat shock protein 60 (HSP60; ab190828, Abcam), system Xc–associated protein solute carrier family 7, member 11 (SLC7A11; ab175186, Abcam), glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4; ET1706-45, HUABIO), ferroptosis-associated protein ferroportin-1 (FPN1; ab239511, Abcam), and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1; ab157208, Abcam) were used, with β-actin (AF7018, Affinity, England) as the control. Goat anti-rabbit IgG (Biosharp, China) was used as the secondary antibody. A western blotting ECL kit (ZETA-Life, San Francisco, CA, USA) was used. After the detection step, protein bands were observed and photographed using an automated chemiluminescence image analysis system (Tanon, Shanghai, China), and various parameters were quantified using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, DC, USA). The procedure was repeated three times before statistical analysis using SPSS 26.0.
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2

Immunofluorescence Imaging of Mitochondrial Markers

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Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. Then, 0.3% Triton X-100 was added to the cells to control penetrability. The cells were then incubated with primary antibodies, such as anti-PINK1 (ab216144, 1:1000, Acam, USA), anti-Tom20 (ab186735, 1:1000, Abcam, USA), anti-Parkin (ab73015, 1:1000, Abcam, USA) and anti-ASCL4 (PA5-27137, 1:1000, Invitrogen, USA), anti-cyto C (ab133504, 1:5000, Abcam USA), and Hsp60 (ab190828, 1:1000, Abcam, USA) in the shade at room temperature for 1.5 h, followed by incubation with secondary goat-anti-rabbit antibodies (ab6721, 1:2000, Abcam, USA) for 1 h. 4´,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) was used to stain the nuclei.
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3

Protein Expression Analysis by Western Blotting

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Total cell lysates were boiled at 100 °C for 5 min in 1.5× sample buffer (1.5 M Tris pH 6.8; 15% glycerol; 3% SDS; 7.5% β-mercaptoethanol; 0.0375% bromophenol blue). Gel electrophoresis was performed using 9% polyacrylamide gels. The gels were blotted onto PVDF membranes, which were then blocked for 1 h at room temperature with 5% (w/v) non-fat dried milk in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20. The membranes were then incubated overnight at 4 °C with the primary antibodies diluted in blocking solution as follows: VDAC1 (1:1000; Ab14734; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), HSP60 (1:2000; Ab190828; Abcam) and actin (1:1000, A4700, Merck, Sigma-Aldrich, Burlington, VT, USA). To visualize Western blots, HRP-based secondary antibodies were used, followed by chemiluminescent detection on Kodak X-Omat film.
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Mitochondrial Proteins

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Total cell lysates were boiled at 100°Cfor 5 min in 1.5× sample buffer (1.5 M Tris pH 6.8; 15% Glycerol; 3% SDS; 7.5% β‐mercaptoethanol; 0.0375% bromophenol blue). Gel electrophoresis was performed using 9% polyacrylamide gels. The gels were blotted onto PVDF membranes, which were then blocked for 1 h at room temperature with 5% (w/v) non‐fat dried milk in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20. The membranes were then incubated overnight at 4°Cwith the primary antibodies diluted in blocking solution as follows: Mfn2 (1:2,000; Ab56889; Abcam), Mfn1 (1:250; sc‐50330; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), Drp1 (1:1,000, 611112, BD Biosciences) VDAC1 (1:1,000; Ab14734; Abcam), HSP60 (1:2,000; Ab190828; Abcam), MCU (1:1,000; #14997; Cell Signaling Technology), p‐eIF2alpha (1:200; sc‐101670; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), eIF2alpha (1:1,000; ab242148; Abcam), myc (1:500, M4439, Sigma), GFP (1:1,000, A11122, Life Technologies), RFP (1:500, 600‐401‐379, Rockland), GFAP (1:500, Z0334, Dako), and actin (1:10,000, A4700, Sigma). To visualize Western blots, HRP‐based secondary antibodies were used followed by chemiluminescent detection on Kodak X‐Omat film.
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5

Western Blot Protein Analysis Protocol

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Briefly, for western blot analysis, 50 μg of proteins were loaded onto a 12% poly-acrylamide gel Mini- PROTEAN® TGXTM (BIO-RAD, Milan, Italy). Electro-transfer to nitrocellulose membrane was obtained through Trans- Blot® TurboTM (BIO-RAD), using Trans-Blot® SE Semi-Dry Transfer Cell (BIO-RAD) [20 (link), 21 (link)]. Membranes were blocked in Odyssey Blocking Buffer (Licor, Milan, Italy), according to the manufacturer’s protocol. After blocking, membranes were washed three times in PBS for 5 min and incubated with primary antibodies against HSP90 (heat shock protein 90) (1:500, ab203085, ABCAM), HSP60 (heat shock protein 60) (1:500, ab190828, ABCAM), CLPP (Caseinolytic Mitochondrial Matrix Peptidase Proteolytic Subunit) (1:500, Cat #PA5-52722, Invitrogen) and HO-1 (heme oxygenase 1) (1:1000, ab52947, ABCAM), overnight at 4 ℃. The next day, membranes were washed three times in PBS (Phosphate buffered saline) for 5 min and incubated with anti-rabbit IRDye700CW secondary antibodies (1:5000, Licor) in PBS/0.5% Tween-20 for 1 h at room temperature. All the antibodies were diluted in Odyssey Blocking Buffer. The obtained blots were visualized by Odyssey Infrared Imaging Scanner (Licor, Milan, Italy). Densitometric analysis was used for protein levels quantification, normalizing data to protein levels of β-actin (1:2000, ab8229, ABCAM).
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6

Western Blot Analysis of Mitochondrial Proteins

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Brain slices were collected and lysed in the radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer [50 mm Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 150 mm NaCl, 1% Triton X-100, 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 0.5% deoxycholate] with a protease inhibitor. Equal amounts of proteins, measured by the BCA method, were loaded on 15% Bris-Tris NuPAGE, electrophoresed, and transferred into 0.22 μm nitrocellulose membranes. After blocking with 5% BSA in TBST for 1 h, the membranes were incubated overnight at 4°C with the following primary antibodies: anti-SNPH (ab69992, Abcam, USA), anti-Miro1 (ab188029, Abcam, USA), anti-Trak1 (ab28751, Abcam, USA), anti-HSP60 (ab190828, Abcam, USA), and anti-β-actin (ab115777, Abcam, USA) at a dilution of 1:1,000 (Tris-buffered saline with 0.1% Tween® 20 detergent).
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