Proparacaine

Manufactured by Akorn

Sourced in United States

Proparacaine is a topical anesthetic used to numb the surface of the eye. It is a fast-acting local anesthetic that can be used to temporarily relieve eye pain or discomfort.

Automatically generated - may contain errors

Lab products found in correlation

Tropicamide, by Akorn (7 mentions) Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Ketamine, by Henry Schein (2 mentions) Xylazine, by Henry Schein (2 mentions) Heating pad, by Harvard Apparatus (2 mentions) Refresh tear, by Abbvie (2 mentions) Xylazine, by Akorn (2 mentions) Celeris system, by Diagnosys (2 mentions) Stereomicroscope, by Leica Biosystems (1 mentions) Xylazine, by Performance Health (1 mentions) Atipamezole, by Performance Health (1 mentions) Ketaved, by Performance Health (1 mentions) Temperature controlled heating pad, by Harvard Apparatus (1 mentions) Micron 3 retinal imaging microscope, by Phoenix Pharmaceuticals (1 mentions) Systane, by Alcon (1 mentions) Tropicamide, by Bausch & Lomb (1 mentions) Ketamine, by Akorn (1 mentions) Genteal, by Alcon (1 mentions) Ketaved, by Vedco (1 mentions) Ketamine, by Vedco (1 mentions)

17 protocols using proparacaine

Intravenous Delivery of AAV Vectors

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Intravenous administration of AAV vectors was performed by retro-orbital injection with a 31-gauge needle in 6–8 week old mice^{66 (link)}. Following injection, 1–2 drops of proparacaine (Akorn Pharmaceuticals, 17478-263-12) were applied to the cornea to provide local analgesia.

Rajendran P.S., Challis R.C., Fowlkes C.C., Hanna P., Tompkins J.D., Jordan M.C., Hiyari S., Gabris-Weber B.A., Greenbaum A., Chan K.Y., Deverman B.E., Münzberg H., Ardell J.L., Salama G., Gradinaru V, & Shivkumar K. (2019). Identification of peripheral neural circuits that regulate heart rate using optogenetic and viral vector strategies. Nature Communications, 10, 1944.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Corneal Injury Model in Mice

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Corneal alkali burn and epithelial debridement injuries were performed on mice as previously described^{8 (link),13 (link)}. Mice were anesthetized by isofluorane inhalation (Baxter Pharmaceutical, Deerfield, IL) and by topical application of 0.5% Proparacaine (Akorn Inc., Buffalo Grove, IL) placed on the cornea. Alkaline burn injuries were created by applying filter paper 2.5 mm in diameter soaked in 0.1 N NaOH (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) for 30 seconds to the central cornea followed by rinsing with 250 μl of phosphate buffer saline. After the chemical burn treatment, topical 0.5% Proparacaine was again placed on the cornea for anesthesia. Corneal epithelial debridement injuries were created by using a 1.5 mm trephine (Beaver-Visitec, Waltham, MA) to demarcate the central cornea and the trephine mark was visualized under a stereomicroscope (Leica Biosystems Inc., Wetzlar, Germany). The epithelium within the trephine mark was then removed down to the basement membrane using an Algerbrush II (Katena Products, Inc., Denville, NJ). After the epithelial debridement, topical 0.5% Proparacaine was again placed onto the ocular surface for anesthesia. For both types of injuries, the right eye was wounded and the left eye was left intact as a contralateral control.

Wolf M., Clay S.M., Zheng S., Pan P, & Chan M.F. (2019). MMP12 Inhibits Corneal Neovascularization and Inflammation through Regulation of CCL2. Scientific Reports, 9, 11579.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Corneal Alkali Burn Injury in Mice

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Corneal alkali burn injuries were performed on mice as previously described [34 (link)]. Briefly, mice were anesthetized by isoflurane inhalation (Baxter Pharmaceutical, Deerfield, IL) and by topical application of 0.5% Proparacaine (Akorn Inc., Buffalo Grove, IL, USA) placed on the cornea before and after the chemical burn. An alkaline burn was created by applying filter paper 2.5 mm in diameter soaked in 0.1 N NaOH (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) for 30 s to the central cornea followed by rinsing with 1 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).

Lamy R., Wolf M., Bispo C., Clay S.M., Zheng S., Wolfreys F., Pan P, & Chan M.F. (2022). Characterization of Recruited Mononuclear Phagocytes following Corneal Chemical Injury. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(5), 2574.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Ophthalmic Surgical Anesthesia Protocol

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Mice were anesthetized using intraperitoneal injections of a ketamine-xylazine cocktail (ketamine hydrochloride 100 mg/kg, xylazine 10 mg/kg; Henry Schein Animal Health, Dublin, OH, USA). Pupils were dilated using 1% tropicamide (Akorn, IL, USA) and 2.5% phenylephrine chloride (Akorn, IL, USA). Proparacaine (Akorn, IL, USA) was used as a topical anesthetic to avoid corneal reflex during injections. Following the injections, a polymyxin/neomycin b sulfate bacitracin zinc ophthalmic ointment (Akorn, IL, USA) was applied at the surgical site to minimize the risk of infections.

Mohan K., Dubey S.K., Jung K., Dubey R., Wang Q.J., Prajapati S., Roney J., Abney J, & Kleinman M.E. (2023). Long-Term Evaluation of Retinal Morphology and Function in Rosa26-Cas9 Knock-In Mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(6), 5186.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Electroretinography in Dark-Adapted Mice

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Scotopic and photopic electroretinograms were performed on mice that were dark-adapted overnight. Each mouse was anesthetized using intraperitoneal (IP) injections of 100 mg/kg of ketamine and 15 mg/kg xylazine (ketamine; KetaVed from Patterson Veterinary, Greeley, CO; xylazine from Patterson Veterinary, Greeley, CO). Once anesthetized, the pupils were dilated with proparacaine (1%; Akorn Inc., Ann Arbor, MI) and tropicamide (1% Tropicamide Opthalmic Solution, USP; Akorn Inc., Ann Arbor, MI or 0.5% Tropicamide Opthalmic Solution, USP, Sandoz, Princeton, NJ) eye drops, which were administered topically. Mice were placed on a heating pad under red light and function was analyzed with Diagnosys Celeris System (Diagnosys, LLC, Lowell, MA). Full field ERGs were assessed at the following stimulus intensities (0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 1, and 10 cd s/m²). Scotopic a-, b-, and c-waves were collected. Afterwards, mice were injected with reversal agent (0.5 mg/mL atipamezole, injection volume 5 μL per gram mouse weight; Patterson Veterinary, Greeley, CO) and placed individually in cages on top of heated water pads to recover.

Shelton D.A., Gefke I., Summers V., Kim Y.K., Yu H., Getz Y., Ferdous S., Donaldson K., Liao K., Papania J.T., Chrenek M.A., Boatright J.H, & Nickerson J.M. (2024). Age-Related RPE changes in Wildtype C57BL/6J Mice between 2 and 32 Months. bioRxiv.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Microbead-Induced Ocular Hypertension

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Rats (n =6) were allowed to acclimate to their surroundings for 7–10 days prior to baseline IOP measurements and study initiation. On study day 0, rats were anesthetized with ketamine (75 mg/kg) and xylazine (8 mg/kg) (Henry Schein Medical, Columbus, OH), and corneal analgesia achieved with the application of proparacaine (0.5%; 5 μL; Akorn, Inc., Buffalo Grove, IL). Body temperature was maintained at 37 °C with a heating pad (Harvard Apparatus; Holliston, MA). A glass micropipette was used to inject microbeads into the anterior chamber as described previously (Bunker et al., 2015 (link); Ito et al., 2016 (link)). A total of 25 μL of sterile 8 μm magnetic microbeads (Bangs Laboratories, Inc) in a 9× 10⁷ microbeads/mL solution was injected. Contralateral eyes were untreated and served as controls. Prophylactic neomycin antibacterial ointment was applied to the site of injection to prevent infection. Intraocular pressure was recorded as discrete readings using a calibrated Tonolab tonometer (Colonial Medical Supply Co., Inc., Franconia, NH). Tissues were collected 14 days after microbead injection.

Hopfner K.P., Karcher A., Shin D., Fairley C., Tainer J.A, & Carney J.P. (2000). Mre11 and Rad50 from Pyrococcus furiosus: Cloning and Biochemical Characterization Reveal an Evolutionarily Conserved Multiprotein Machine. Journal of Bacteriology, 182(21), 6036-6041.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Retinal Ischemia Model in Rats

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Retinal ischemia was induced using techniques described previously (Husain et al., 2009 (link)) with minor modification. Briefly, rats (n = 6) were anesthetized with ketamine (75 mg/kg) and xylazine (8 mg/kg) (Henry Schein Medical, Columbus, OH). Proparacaine (5 μL, 0.5%, Akorn, Inc., Buffalo Grove, IL) was applied for corneal analgesia. Body temperature was maintained with a temperature-controlled heating pad (Harvard Apparatus; Holliston, MA) at 37 °C during the experiment. The anterior chamber was cannulated with a 27-gauge needle (World Precision Instruments, Inc., Sarasota, FL) which was connected to a reservoir of sterile PBS, pH 7.4. The container was elevated to raise the intraocular pressure (IOP) to 160 mmHg for 45 min. The IOP was monitored by a calibrated pressure transducer (Argon Medical Devices, Athens, TX), and the absence of retinal blood flow was confirmed by direct ophthalmoscopy. The contralateral eye was untreated and served as a control. Following ischemic injury and recovery from anesthesia, the pupillary light reflex was verified as present and not different from the contralateral control eye. The eyes were then allowed to reperfuse for 90 min, animals were sacrificed, and the tissues were collected for evaluating changes in ASMase and NSMase activity.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Mouse Retinal Imaging Protocol

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Mice were anesthetized with a solution of 50 mg/mL ketamine (Akorn, Lake Forest, IL) and 5 mg/ml xylazine (Lloyd Laboratories, Shenandoah, IA) using 2 μl/g mouse. Pupil dilation was done with 2.5 μl of (0.5%) tropicamide (Bausch and Lomb, Tampa FL) and (0.25%) proparacaine (Akorn) solution applied topically to the cornea. Corneal hydration was maintained by liberal application of Systane (Alcon, Fort Worth, TX) or GenTeal (Alcon). Retinal images were obtained using a Micron III retinal imaging microscope (Phoenix Research Laboratories, Pleasanton, CA). White light (brightfield) and fluorescence image were obtained. For GFP, a 469/35 nm band pass excitation filter and a 525/50 nm band pass emission filter were used. For Tomato Red and RFP the excitation filter was 562/40 nm and the emission filter was 624/40 nm.

Heuss N.D., Pierson M.J., Roehrich H., McPherson S.W., Gram A.L., Li L, & Gregerson D.S. (2018). Optic nerve as a source of activated retinal microglia post-injury. Acta Neuropathologica Communications, 6, 66.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Comprehensive Electroretinogram Protocol for Mice

Cited 1 time

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

The complete electroretinogram (ERG) protocol was previously detailed [10 (link),12 (link),13 (link),25 (link),26 (link)]. Briefly, mice were dark-adapted overnight. In preparation for the ERGs, the mice were anesthetized with intraperitoneal (IP) injections of 100 mg/kg ketamine and 15 mg/kg xylazine (ketamine; KetaVed from Vedco, Saint Joseph, MO; xylazine.
Proparacaine (1%; Akorn Inc.) and tropicamide (1%; Akorn Inc.) eye drops were administered to reduce eye sensitivity and dilate the pupils. Once anesthetized, the mice were placed on a heating pad (39 °C) inside a Faraday cage in front of the desktop BigShot LED Ganzfeld stimulator (LKC Technologies, Gaithersburg, MD). A platinum wire fiber electrode, produced in-house, was placed in contact with each cornea. A drop of Refresh Tears (Allergan) was added to each eye to maintain conductivity with the electrode fibers. The reference electrodes (LKC) were 1-cm needles inserted into each cheek, and the ground electrode (LKC) was placed in the tail. ERGs were recorded for the scotopic condition (0.00039–24.9000 cd s/m² and increasing flash stimulus intervals from 2.0 to 70 s). Mice recovered from anesthesia individually in cages placed partly on top of heated water pads.

Zhang X., Girardot P.E., Sellers J.T., Li Y., Wang J., Chrenek M.A., Wu W., Skelton H., Nickerson J.M., Pardue M.T, & Boatright J.H. (2019). Wheel running exercise protects against retinal degeneration in the I307N rhodopsin mouse model of inducible autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Molecular Vision, 25, 462-476.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Electroretinography in Dark-Adapted Mice

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Mice were dark adapted overnight before ERG was performed. In preparation for the ERG, the mice were anesthetized using intraperitoneal injections of 100 mg/kg of ketamine and 15 mg/kg of xylazine (ketamine; KetaVed from Vedco, Inc., Saint Joseph, MO; xylazine from Akorn, Lake Forest, IL).
Once anesthetized, proparacaine (1%; Akorn Inc.) and tropicamide (1%; Akorn Inc.) eye drops were administered to decrease eye sensitivity and dilate the pupils. Mice were placed on a heating pad (39 °C) under dim red light provided by the overhead lamp of the Diagnosys Celeris system (Diagnosys, LLC, Lowell, MA). Light-guided electrodes were placed in contact with individual eyes; the corneal electrode for the contralateral eye acted as the reference electrode. Full-field ERGs were recorded for the scotopic condition (stimulus intensity: 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 cd s/m²; flash duration, 4 ms). Signals were collected for 0.3 seconds in steps 1 to 5 and 5 seconds for step 6 after light flashes. Scotopic a-, b-, and c-waves were defined, as noted in Figure 3. After the recordings, each mouse was placed in its home cage on top of a heating pad (39 °C) to recover from anesthesia.

Zhang N., Zhang X., Girardot P.E., Chrenek M.A., Sellers J.T., Li Y., Kim Y.K., Summers V.R., Ferdous S., Shelton D.A., Boatright J.H, & Nickerson J.M. (2021). Electrophysiologic and Morphologic Strain Differences in a Low-Dose NaIO3-Induced Retinal Pigment Epithelium Damage Model. Translational Vision Science & Technology, 10(8), 10.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

About PubCompare

Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.

We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.

However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.

Ready to get started?

Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!