Ethyl acetate ch3cooc2h5

Used palm oil for preparing recycled palm oil (RPO) was purchased from a Nonthaburi local market, Nonthaburi province (acid value of 1.41 mg KOH/g and iodine value of 40.1 mg I₂/g). The used palm oil was first filtered before modification. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, 35%) and sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO₃, >90%) were purchased from Ajax Finechem (Sydney, Australia). Formic acid (HCOOH, 98%) was purchased from Fisher Chemical (Shanghai, China). Ethyl acetate (CH₃COOC₂H₅, >99%) was purchased from RCI Lab-Scan Limited (Bangkok, Thailand). Polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (P-MDI, 31.5% NCO content, functionality = 2.7) was purchased from BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). T-12 (dibutyltin dilaurate, 95%) was purchased from Fluka Chemie AG CH-9471 Company (Darmstadt, Germany). Dabco 33LV (33% triethylene diamine in propylene glycol) was purchased from Evonilk Goldschmidt GmbH (Essen, Germany). Silicone surfactant (TEGOSTAB^® B8110) was obtained from Gold-Schmidt (Berlin, Germany). Dried water hyacinth was purchased from Suphanburi province, Thailand. Commercial polyurethane foam, Polyurethane foam/glass fiber, and polyester foam were purchased from a convenience store, Nonthaburi province, Thailand.

Non-glutinous rice flour (Erawan brand) was purchased from Do Heng Rice Vermicelli Factory Co., Ltd. (Nakhon Prathom, Thailand). Baking powder double-acting formula, containing 30% of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), 24% of disodium pyrophosphate (Na₂H₂P₂O₇) and 16% of monocalcium phosphate (Ca(H₂PO₄)₂), was purchased from Best Food brand (Chachoengsao, Thailand). Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), a moisture resistance, with a molecular weight of 72,000 g/mol was purchased from Krungthepchemi Co., Ltd. (Bangkok, Thailand). Used palm oil for preparing recycled palm oil (RPO) was purchased from a Nonthaburi local market, Nonthaburi province (acid value of 1.41 mgKOH/g and iodine value of 40.1 mg I₂/g). The used palm oil was first filtered before modification. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, 35%) was purchased from Ajax Finechem (Sydney, Australia). Formic acid (HCOOH, 98%) was purchased from Fisher Chemical (Shanghai, China). Ethyl acetate (CH₃COOC₂H₅, >99%) was purchased from RCI Lab-Scan Limited (Bangkok, Thailand). Distilled water, purchased from Yod Nam Distilled Water (Nakhon Prathom, Thailand), was used to prepare gelatinized starch before foam preparation. All ingredients were dried before use.