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Procyanidin c1

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Procyanidin C1 is a naturally occurring compound found in various plant sources. It belongs to the class of polyphenolic compounds known as proanthocyanidins. Procyanidin C1 serves as a key analytical standard for the identification and quantification of related compounds in plant extracts and other samples.

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Lab products found in correlation

Formic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Procyanidin b1, by Phytolab (4 mentions) Gallic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Sodium carbonate, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Epicatechin, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Quercetin 3 glucoside, by Extrasynthese (3 mentions) Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Catechin, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Procyanidin b2, by Phytolab (3 mentions) Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Chempur (2 mentions) Acetone, by Chempur (2 mentions) Cinchonine, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Potassium iodide, by Chempur (2 mentions) Ethyl acetate, by Chempur (2 mentions) Monosodium phosphate, by Chempur (2 mentions) Neochlorogenic acid, by Phytolab (2 mentions) Iodine, by Chempur (2 mentions) Disodium phosphate, by Chempur (2 mentions) Cryptochlorogenic acid, by Phytolab (2 mentions) Maltose, by Merck Group (2 mentions)

7 protocols using procyanidin c1

1

Analytical Determination of Polyphenols

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All reagents used for analytical determinations, (water, acetonitrile, methanol, formic acid and hydrochloric acid) were from VWR International (Fontenay-sous-Bois, France).
Hyperoside (purity > 98%), kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (purity > 99%), procyanidin B1 (purity ≥ 80%), procyanidin B2 (purity ≥ 90%), and catechin (purity ≥ 99%) were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France); rutin (purity > 97%), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (purity ≥ 98%), quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (purity > 98%), epicatechin (purity > 90%), epicatechin-3-gallate (purity > 98%), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (purity > 95%), Gallic acid, sodium carbonate, and Folin–Ciocalteu’s reagent were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); caftaric acid (purity ≥ 95%) and procyanidin C1 (purity ≥ 80%) were from Phytolab GMBH & Co. (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany); and procyanidin B3 (purity > 98%) was from Carbosynth Limited (Compton, Berkshire, UK).
Di Lorenzo C., Sangiovanni E., Fumagalli M., Colombo E., Frigerio G., Colombo F., Peres de Sousa L., Altindişli A., Restani P, & Dell’Agli M. (2016). Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) in Human Gastric Epithelial Cells: A Comparative Study. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(7), 1156.
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2

Enzymatic Assays for Antioxidant Evaluation

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Intestinal Acetone powder from rat sources of α-glucosidase, α-amylase from porcine pancreas type VI-B, TRIS-base, D-glucose, D-fructose, aminoguanidine hydrochloride, sodium azide, bovine serum albumin (BSA), acarbose, caffeic acid, (+)-catechin, cinchonine, starch from rice, sodium chloride, maltose, sucrose, formic acid, phosphate buffered saline, 2,2′- azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), fluorescein, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethychroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), iron(III) chloride, potassium persulfate, 2,4,6-tris-2-pyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ), and acetonitrile were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Acetone, methanol, ethyl acetate, hydrochloric acid, iodine, potassium iodide, disodium phosphate and monosodium phosphate were purchased from Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland). Potato starch and calcium chloride were purchased from POCH (Gliwice, Poland). Chlorogenic acid, cyanidin, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-rutinoside, and quercetin 3-rhamnoside were obtained from Extrasynthese (Lyon, France). NeoChlorogenic acid, cryptoChlorogenic acid, procyanidin C1 were purchased from PhytoLab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). Ultrapurity water was prepared in the laboratory using a Simplicity Water Purification System (Millipore, Marlborough, MA, USA).
Kajszczak D., Kowalska-Baron A, & Podsędek A. (2021). Glycoside Hydrolases and Non-Enzymatic Glycation Inhibitory Potential of Viburnum opulus L. Fruit—In Vitro Studies. Antioxidants, 10(6), 989.
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3

Enzymatic Digestion Protocol for Phytochemical Analysis

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Intestinal Acetone powder from a rat source of α-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20), α-amylase from porcine pancreas type VI-B (EC 3.2.1.1), pancreatin from porcine pancreas, pepsin from the gastric mucosa of pigs, bile from bovine and ovine, TRIS-HCl, acarbose, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, (+)-catechin, cinchonine, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, kaempferol 3-glucoside, naringin, sodium chloride, maltose, formic acid, methanol, and acetonitrile were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Acetone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, iodine, potassium iodide, disodium phosphate, and monosodium phosphate were purchased from Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland). Potato starch and calcium chloride were purchased from POCH (Gliwice, Poland) and glucose test from Biomaxima SA (Lublin, Poland). Quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-rutinoside, quercetin 3-rhamnoside, and isorhamnetin 3-glucoside were obtained from Extrasynthese (Lyon, France). Procyanidin C1, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid were purchased from PhytoLab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). Kaempferol was purchased from ICN Biomedicals (Costa Mesa, CA, USA). Ultrapurity water was prepared in the laboratory using a Simplicity Water Purification System (Millipore, Marlborough, MA, USA).
Kajszczak D., Kowalska-Baron A., Sosnowska D, & Podsędek A. (2022). In Vitro Inhibitory Effects of Viburnum opulus Bark and Flower Extracts on Digestion of Potato Starch and Carbohydrate Hydrolases Activity. Molecules, 27(10), 3118.
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4

Analytical Standards for Polyphenol Analysis

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Formic acid (LC-MS grade) was obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Acetonitrile (LC-MS grade) and methanol (LC-MS grade) were purchased from VWR International Srl (Milan, Italy). Liquid nitrogen was purchased from Rivoira (Milan, Italy). Sodium fluoride, phosphoric acid, glacial acetic acid, TPTZ, ABTS, iron (III) chloride hexahydrate, Trolox, potassium chloride, (+)-catechin, sodium carbonate, F-C reagent, quercetin-3-xyloside, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, naringenin-7-glucoside, and phloridzin were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Quercetin-3-rutinoside and potassium peroxydisulfate were purchased from Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). Quercetin-3-glucoside, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, cyanidin-3-galactoside chloride, and malvidin-3-glucoside chloride were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France).
(−)-Epicatechin, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, procyanidin C1, chlorogenic acid, cyanidin-3-glucoside chloride, cyanidin-3-arabinoside chloride, phloretin, quercetin-3-arabinoside, quercetin-3-galactoside, quercetin-4’-glucoside, and quercetin-3-rhamnoside were purchased from Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). Sodium acetate anhydrous was purchased from CHEMSOLUTE® (Renningen, Germany). Hydrochloric acid from Fisher Chemical (Pittsburgh, UK). Deionized water was from MilliQ apparatus (Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA, USA).
Ceci A.T., Bassi M., Guerra W., Oberhuber M., Robatscher P., Mattivi F, & Franceschi P. (2021). Metabolomic Characterization of Commercial, Old, and Red-Fleshed Apple Varieties. Metabolites, 11(6), 378.
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5

Analytical-Grade Polyphenols Characterization

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Methanol (ChromosolvTM for HPLC, ≥99.9%) and acetonitrile (UHPLC supergradient ACS quality) were obtained from PanReac AppliChem (Barcelona, Spain), formic acid (≥98%) from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA), and hydrochloric acid (37%) from Fisher Chemical (Geel, Belgium). Water was purified by employing an Elix 3 system coupled to a Milli-Q instrument from Millipore Corporation (Bedford, MA, USA). The water was filtered with a 0.22 µm nylon membrane filter integrated into the Milli-Q instrument.
All the polyphenolic and phenolic acid compounds used in this work were of analytical grade and were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, with the exception of hesperidin obtained from Glentham Life Sciences (Lorsham, United Kingdom), astilbin and caftaric acid from Biopurity Phytochemicals Ltd. (Chengdu, Sichuan, China), trans-coumaric acid and procyanidin C1 from Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany), diosmin, hesperetin, and catechol from AlfaAesar Chemicals (ThermoFisher, Kandel, Germany), naringin, naringenin, and epigallocatechin from Biosynth-Carbosynth (Berkshire, United Kingdom), procyanidins B2 and A2 from Extrasynthese (Genay, France), pinocembrin from Fisher Scientific (Madrid, Spain), tricetin and galangin from Cymit Quimica S.L. (Barcelona, Spain), and chrysin and pinobanksin from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
García-Seval V., Saurina J., Sentellas S, & Núñez O. (2022). Off-Line SPE LC-LRMS Polyphenolic Fingerprinting and Chemometrics to Classify and Authenticate Spanish Honey. Molecules, 27(22), 7812.
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6

Characterization of Polyphenolic Compounds

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(+)-Catechin (CAS: 154-23-4), Procyanidin B1 (CAS: 20315-25-7), Procyanidin B2 (CAS: 29106-49-8), Procyanidin A2 (CAS: 41743-41-3), and Procyanidin C1 (CAS: 37064-30-5), with purity ≥ 98%, were purchased from PhytoLab GmbH and Co. KG (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). (−)-Epicatechin (≥98%) (CAS: 17334-50-8), Gallic acid (≥98%) (CAS: 149-91-7), Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (≥99.9%), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (≥99.9%), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) (≥99.9%), Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), Sodium nitrite (NaNO2), Aluminum chloride hexahydrate ((AlCl3)6H2O), Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), HPLC-grade methanol (≥99.9%), and acetonitrile (≥99.9%) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Formic acid (98–100%) (CAS: 64-18-6) were supplied from Romil Ltd. (Cambridge, UK). Water was obtained by a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
Keivani N., Piccolo V., Marzocchi A., Maisto M., Tenore G.C, & Summa V. (2024). Optimization and Validation of Procyanidins Extraction and Phytochemical Profiling of Seven Herbal Matrices of Nutraceutical Interest. Antioxidants, 13(5), 586.
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7

Physicochemical Profiling of Algerian Date Powder

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The HPLC-grade water was obtained from a LC-Pak™ Millex system (Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA). Formic acid, MS grade methanol, citric acid, galacturonic acid, malic acid, glucose, sucrose, gallic acid, and caffeine were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Quinic acid, catechin, procyanidin B 1 , procyanidin C 1 , kaempferol glucoside, kaempferol, rutin, and quercetin rhamnoside were obtained from PhytoLab, Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany. The ''Degla-Beida'' dates used in this study present a dry nature and a hard texture, that are found in the palm groves of South-East Algeria. The choice of this variety is justified by its relative abundance on the national territory, its low market value, its long shelf life due to its dry nature, its taste and nutritional quality (energy source represented by its high sugar content) (Djaoud et al., 2020) . The dates were washed with tap water followed by distillated water, pitted and deposited in a drying oven at 40°C until up to a constant weight. Then, the dried samples were ground into a fine powder, which was passed through a standard sieve (125 µm diameter) and only the fraction with the particle size≤125 µm was used. Finally, the powder was stored in the darkness (Djaoud et al., 2019) .
Djaoud K., Daglia M., Sokeng A.J.T., Kermiche F., Arkoub L., & Makhlouf L.B. (2020). RP-HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS screening of bioactive compounds from Degla-Beida dates: Conventional and green extraction technologies. The Annals of the University Dunarea de Jos of Galati Fascicle VI – Food Technology, 44(1), 58-81.
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