Gems pet trace cyclotron

Manufactured by GE Healthcare

Sourced in Sweden

The GEMS PET Trace Cyclotron is a medical device used for the production of radioactive isotopes for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging. It is designed to accelerate charged particles, typically protons, to high energies to generate these radioactive isotopes in a controlled and precise manner.

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Lab products found in correlation

L 4000, by Hitachi (1 mentions) L 6200, by Hitachi (1 mentions) Eclipse xdb c18, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)

5 protocols using gems pet trace cyclotron

Synthesis of [11C]Methyl Iodide from [11C]Methane

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[¹¹C]Methane ([¹¹C]CH₄) was formed in-target via
the ¹⁴N(p,α)¹¹C reaction using nitrogen
gas mixed with hydrogen (10%) and
16.4 MeV protons produced by the GEMS PET trace cyclotron (GE, Uppsala,
Sweden). The cyclotron target gas was irradiated for 20 min, and a
35 μA beam current was used. ¹¹C-Methyl iodide ([¹¹C]CH₃I) was synthesized according to the previously
published method.^{33 (link)} Target produced [¹¹C]CH₄ was composed in a cooled Porapak Q trap.
[¹¹C]CH₃I was released from the trap and subsequently
mixed with iodine vapors at 60 °C followed by a radical reaction
at 720 °C in a closed circulation system. The produced [¹¹C]CH₃I was collected in a porapak Q trap at room
temperature, and the unreacted [¹¹C]CH₃I was
recirculated for 3 min. [¹¹C]CH₃I was released
from the Porapak Q trap by heating the trap at 180 °C with the
flow of helium.

Nag S., Miranda-Azpiazu P., Jia Z., Datta P., Arakawa R., Moein M.M., Yang Z., Tu Y., Lemoine L., Ågren H., Nordberg A., Långström B, & Halldin C. (2022). Development of 11C-Labeled ASEM Analogues for the Detection of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (α7-nAChR). ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 13(3), 352-362.

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Synthesis of [11C]Methyltriflate for PET Imaging

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[¹¹C]methyltriflate ([¹¹C]CH₃OTff) was synthesized according to the previously published method [22 (link),23 (link),24 (link)]. The radioactive starting material, [¹¹C]methane ([¹¹C]CH₄), was produced in a cyclotron target through the ¹⁴N(p, α)¹¹C nuclear reaction of nitrogen with 10% hydrogen, with 16.4 MeV protons using a GEMS PET trace cyclotron (GE, Uppsala, Sweden). Typically, the target gas was irradiated for 30 min with a beam intensity of 35 μA. Target-produced [¹¹C]CH₄ was trapped in a cooled Porapak Q trap. [¹¹C]CH₄ was released from the Q trap and subsequently mixed with iodine vapors at 60 °C followed by a radical reaction at 720 °C in a closed circulation system. The produced [¹¹C]CH₃I was trapped in a porapak Q trap at RT and the unreacted [¹¹C]CH₄ was recirculated for 3 min. The collected [¹¹C]CH₃I was released from the Porapak Q trap by heating the trap at 180 °C with the flow of helium. [¹¹C]CH₃OTf was produced by online transfer of [¹¹C]CH₃I through a glass column packed with silver triflate at 165 °C.

Nag S., Arakawa R., Jia Z., Lachapelle E., Zhang L., Maresca K., Chen L., Jahan M., Mccarthy T, & Halldin C. (2023). Characterization of a Novel M4 PAM PET Radioligand [11C]PF06885190 in Nonhuman Primates (NHP). Molecules, 28(12), 4612.

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Radiosynthesis of Carbon-11 Labeled Compounds

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Unless otherwise stated, all reagents and solvents were obtained from Sigma‐Aldrich (Sweden) and used without further purification. No‐carrier‐added [¹¹C]CO₂ production was performed using a GEMS PETtrace cyclotron (GE, Uppsala, Sweden). The ¹⁴N(p, α)¹¹C reaction was employed in a pressurized gas target containing nitrogen (nitrogen 6.0) and 1% oxygen (oxygen 4.8) by bombardment with a proton beam (16.5 MeV). HPLC was performed using a Hitachi L‐6200 gradient pump and a Hitachi L‐4000 variable wavelength UV‐detector in a series with a Bioscan β⁺‐flow detector. Analytical HPLC was performed using a Hitachi L‐6200 gradient pump and a Hitachi L‐4000 variable wavelength UV‐detector in series with a Bioscan β⁺‐flow detector. The reverse phase column (Agilent Eclipse XDB‐C18, 5 μm, 4.6 × 150 mm) was eluted with a gradient between acetonitrile (A) and 100mM HCO₂NH₄ (B). The gradient was linear between 10% and 90% (B) over 5 min at a flow rate of 3 ml/min. Identification of all radioactive products was confirmed by co‐elution with the corresponding nonradioactive compound.

Ferrat M., El Khoury Y., Larsen P., Dahl K., Halldin C, & Schou M. (2020). Development of a fully automated low‐pressure [11C]CO carbonylation apparatus. Journal of Labelled Compounds & Radiopharmaceuticals, 63(12), 517-522.

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Synthesis of [11C]Carbon Monoxide via Cyclotron

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Synthesis of [¹¹C]carbon monoxide ([¹¹C]CO) was performed following a previously published method
with modification.^{19 (link)} No carrier-added [¹¹C]CO₂ was produced via a ¹⁴N(p,α)¹¹C nuclear reaction on a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen gas
(0.5% oxygen) and 16.5 MeV protons produced by GEMS PET trace cyclotron
(GE, Uppsala, Sweden). At the end of bombardment (EOB), the target
content was delivered to the [¹¹C]CO synthesizer prototype,
where [¹¹C]CO₂ was trapped on a silica gel (10
mg, 60 Å, 60–100 mesh) trap immersed in liquid nitrogen.
Concentrated [¹¹C]CO₂ was released from the
trap by thermal heating followed by the reduction online to [¹¹C]CO using a pre-heated (Carbolite oven, 850 °C) quartz
glass column (6 × 4 × 180 mm: o.d. × i.d. × length)
filled with molybdenum powder (1.5 g, <150 μm, 99.99% trace
metal basis, Sigma Aldrich). Produced [¹¹C]CO was trapped
and concentrated on a silica gel (10 mg, 60 Å, 60–100
mesh) trap immersed in liquid nitrogen. Unreacted [¹¹C]CO₂ was subsequently removed by a sodium hydroxide-coated silica
(0.2 g, Ascarite II, 20–30 mesh) trap (30 mm 1/8” SS
tube). After completing the entrapment, the trap was heated by thermal
heating to release the [¹¹C]CO for further use.

Nag S., Bolin M., Datta P., Arakawa R., Forsberg Morén A., Khani Maynaq Y., Lin E., Genung N., Hering H., Guckian K., Martarello L., Kaliszczak M, & Halldin C. (2023). Development of a Novel [11C]CO-Labeled Positron Emission Tomography Radioligand [11C]BIO-1819578 for the Detection of O-GlcNAcase Enzyme Activity. ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 14(14), 2560-2568.

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Automated Synthesis of [11C]Methyl Iodide

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[¹¹C] Methane ([¹¹C]CH₄) was produced in-target via the ¹⁴N(p,α)¹¹C reaction on nitrogen with 10% hydrogen, with 16.4 MeV protons using a GEMS PET trace cyclotron (GE, Uppsala, Sweden). Typically, the target gas was irradiated for 20–30 min with a beam intensity of 35 μA. Carbon-11 labeled methyl iodide, [¹¹C]CH₃I, was produced according to previously published method [8 (link)]. In short, [¹¹C]CH₄ was released from the target and isolated with liquid nitrogen followed by the release of [¹¹C]CH₄ by heating with pressurized air. Then [¹¹C]CH₄ was mixed with vapors from iodine crystals followed by a radical iodination reaction in a closed recirculation system to produce [¹¹C]CH₃I. The formed [¹¹C]CH₃I was collected and released to the reaction vessel. Radiomethylation, purification, and formulation were performed using a computer-controlled automated system (Scansys, Denmark).

Jahan M., Johnström P., Selvaraju R.K., Svedberg M., Winzell M.S., Bernström J., Kingston L., Schou M., Jia Z., Skrtic S., Johansson L., Korsgren O., Farde L., Halldin C, & Eriksson O. (2018). The development of a GPR44 targeting radioligand [11C]AZ12204657 for in vivo assessment of beta cell mass. EJNMMI Research, 8, 113.

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