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Dab enhancer

Manufactured by Leica camera

The DAB Enhancer is a lab equipment product designed to enhance the visualization of DAB (3,3'-Diaminobenzidine) staining in immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization protocols. It is used to amplify and intensify the DAB signal, improving the contrast and clarity of the stained samples.

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4 protocols using dab enhancer

1

IHC Protocol for ZMIZ1 Detection in Breast Cancer

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Antibody specificity was confirmed on formalin-fixed cell pellets of MCF7 cells (Supplementary Fig. 1, see section on supplementary materials given at the end of this article). Patient tissue samples were run on Leica’s Polymer Refine Detection System (DS9800) using their standard template on the automated Bond-III platform. MCF7 cells were cultured in estrogen-rich complete DMEM media with 10% BS and glutamine. Post-siRNA knockdown of ZMIZ1 were used as negative control to ensure antibody specific. Dewaxing and re-hydration prior to IHC were automated on the Leica ST5020, along with the post-IHC dehydration and clearing. Sections were mounted using Leica’s coverslipper CV5030. The specific antibody targeting ZMIZ1 was purchased from R&D Systems (AF8107) and used at a concentration of 2 µg/mL (1:250 dilution). The sodium citrate pre-treatment was run at 100˚C. The secondary (post-primary) was rabbit anti-sheep from Jackson ImmunoResearch (r313-005-003), diluted 1:500. DAB Enhancer was included as an ancillary reagent (Leica, AR9432).
Patient tissue samples were processed as described for the MCF7 fixed cell pellets. ER-α antibody was purchased from Novacastra (NCL-ER-6F11/2) and samples processed as previously described (Bruna et al. 2016 (link)).
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2

Standardized Ki-67 Immunohistochemistry Protocol

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Ki-67 scores were retrospectively obtained from pathology reports at initial diagnosis on the primary tumor prior to any treatment. IHC staining on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections was performed. Mind Bomb 1 mouse monoclonal antibody (manufactured by Dako) was used to detect Ki-67. The staining protocol included de-paraffinization (30 minutes at 72°C) and rehydration with antigen retrieval performed at 100°C for 20 minutes with Tris-EDTA buffer, pH 6.0. Endogenous peroxidase was blocked with 3% peroxide for 5 minutes. Primary anti-Ki-67 antibody (Dako, clone MIB-1) was applied at 1:100 dilution for 15 minutes. Post primary antibody detection was carried out using a commercial polymer system (Bond Polymer Refine Detection, Leica), and stain development was achieved by incubation with diaminobenzidine (DAB) and DAB enhancer (Leica). The robust quality control and quality improvement program of the IHC lab at MDA was fully applied to the anti-Ki-67 IHC assay. A positive control was added to every IHC run (reference tonsil tissue, batch control) and was reviewed by a member of the IHC medical directorship team. Records of batch control results were documented daily in internal laboratory records. Stains were evaluated by designated breast pathologists, who visually estimated the percentage of positively staining invasive carcinoma cells.
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3

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Intestinal Tissue

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The small intestine and colon were opened and fixed for 24 h in 4% PFA. The tissue was paraffin embedded and sectioned. RFP and β-catenin immunohistochemistry were carried out using a Bond Max autostainer (Leica), with sodium citrate, pH 6.0 (10 mM) antigen retrieval. Slides were blocked with 3% hydrogen peroxide, followed by incubation using an Avidin/Biotin Blocking Kit (Vector Laboratories). Anti-RFP (1:100, Abcam ab34771) and β-catenin (BD biosciences, 610154, 0.25 μg/mL) primary antibodies were used. For β-catenin IHC, a mouse-on-mouse blocking step was added (Vector Laboratories, MKB-2213). Secondary antibodies used were biotinylated donkey and biotinylated donkey anti-rabbit (1:250, Jackson ImmunoResearch, 711-065-152) and biotinylated rabbit anti-mouse IgG1 (1:500, Abcam, ab125913). Slides were incubated with streptavidin coupled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and colour developed using diaminobenzidine (DAB) and DAB Enhancer (Leica).
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4

Immunohistochemical Analysis of CD3+ T Cells

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Tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formaldehyde. Immunohistochemistry was performed for CD3 using a Leica Bond III immunostainer. Deparaffinization and rehydration were conducted before antigen retrieval was performed using Tris EDTA (pH 9) (ER2) for 20 min at 100°C, incubation in a rabbit polyclonal anti-CD3 antibody (A0452) for 15 min, HRP-linked anti-rabbit polymer for 8 min, diaminobenzidine for 10 min, and DAB Enhancer (Leica) for 10 min. Counterstaining was with hematoxylin for 2 min. The slides were scanned at 20× on a Leica AT2 and subsequently analyzed in a blinded manner using the Cytonuclear v1.4 algorithm on the HALO platform.
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