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11 protocols using dox hcl

1

Folate-Conjugated Pullulan-PLGA Nanocarrier

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Pullulan (Mn 67,500) and PLGA 5005 (Mn 8,200) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan. Folic acid, N,N′-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC) and 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) were purchased from Aldrich Chemical (St. Louis, MO, USA). DOX HCl and triethyleamine (TEA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Spectra/Pro™ dialysis membranes with a molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) of 6,500 g/mol were purchased from Spectrum Laboratories (Rancho Dominguez, CA, USA). Sulfo-cyanine 5 carboxylic acid was purchased from Lumiprobe Co. (Florida, USA). Dichloromethane (DCM) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) of high-performance liquid chromatography grade were dried with CaH2 then distilled prior to use. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were recorded in deuterated solvents (DMSO-d6) at a concentration of 30 mg/0.6 ml using a model AMX-300 apparatus (Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA).
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2

Doxorubicin-Induced Spheroid Viability

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Incubated spheroids were transferred on to 96-well cell plate and cultured for 2 h in a medium containing Doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox-HCl, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) at concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 μg/mL. After Dox treatment, the spheroids were stained to measure viability using Live/Dead Cell Assay kit (Sigma-Aldrich, Bayswater, Australia) with staining for 20 min at 37 °C. The stained spheroids were imaged under the fluorescence microscope (IX73, Olympus, Japan) and the Live/Dead staining results were evaluated using Image J by the threshold function.
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3

Lipid-Based Nanocarrier Synthesis and Characterization

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Maleimide-PEG2000-COOH was purchased from Shanghai Yare Biotech Inc, (Shanghai, People’s Republic of China). Human Tf (iron-free) and L-α-phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corp (St Louis, MO, USA). Tf-PEG-PE was synthesized by our group. 3-[4,5-dimehyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), DOX·HCl, stearic acid, dimethyldiocta-decylammonium bromide (DDAB), soybean phosphatidylcholine, triethylamine (TEA), and Tween® 80 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Precirol® ATO 5 was generously provided by Gattefossé (St Priest, France). Injectable soya lecithin was obtained from Shanghai Taiwei Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., (Shanghai, People’s Republic of China). Enhanced green fluorescence protein plasmid (pEGFP)-N1 was provided by Shandong University (Shandong, People’s Republic of China). Quant-iT™ PicoGreen® double-stranded (ds) DNA quantitation reagent was obtained from Invitrogen by Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA). All other chemicals were of analytical grade or higher.
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4

Cationic Lipid-Mediated siRNA Delivery

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Dox HCl and Span20 were purchased from Sigma Aldrich®, St. Louis, MO, USA. The synthesis of plier-like cationic lipid B (PCL-B) was kindly assisted by Ramkhamhaeng University and Mahasarakham University, Thailand. Cholesterol (Chol) was acquired from Carlo Erba Reagent (Milan, Italy). siAF488 was obtained from Qiagen (Santa Clarita, CA, USA). siRNA targeting apoptosis-related proteins including Mcl-1, Bcl-2, and survivin was obtained from Ambion™ Silencer™ siRNA, Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Lipo2k and siNT were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA).
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5

PCL Polymer Synthesis and Assays

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Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL, Mw = 70,000–90,000) was obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (USA). 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol (TFE) was purchased from Alfa Aesar, USA. DOX.HCl was provided by Sigma, Korea. Dopamine hydrochloride was obtained from Sigma (Korea). Live and the Dead cell assay kit were purchased from Sigma, Korea. All other chemicals used were of analytical grade and were used as received.
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6

Extraction and Purification of Costus speciosus Phytochemical

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ML (purity > 98%) was isolated from Costus speciosus rhizomes extract (Supplementary Materials). DOX HCl was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Remaining chemicals conformed with the highest available commercial purity.
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7

Lactulose-Copper-Iron Sulfate Protocol

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The lactulose was provided by Sedico company as a free gift (Sedico, Egypt). From Sigma-Aldrich, we purchased copper sulphate pentahydrate CuSO4.5H2O with a molecular mass of 249.69 g/mol and ferrous sulphate heptahydrate FeSO4.7H2O with a molecular mass of 278.01 g/mol. Both of these chemicals are sulphates (St Louis, MO, USA). Polyethylene glycols 6000, was obtained from Merck, Germany. As an adsorbate, DOX HCL was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
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8

LOX-1 Knockout Mice Generation

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LOX-1 KO mice with a C57/BL6J background were produced as described previously [20 (link)] and LOX-1 KO mice and control wild-type (WT) C57/BL6J strain mice were a kind gift from Dr. Tatsuya Sawamura (National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan/ Department of Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan). Male LOX-1 KO mice and WT mice were used at the age of 12 weeks. Mice were housed in a facility with a 12-hour/12-hour light/dark cycle and were given free access to water and standard rodent chow. The room was kept specific-pathogen-free. DOX HCl (Sigma Chemical Co.) was dissolved in saline and administered by intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 20 mg/kg. This study was carried out in strict accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health (NIH Publication, 8th Edition, 2011). The protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Research Committee of Gifu University (Permit Number: 17−68).
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9

Physiologic Salt Solution Preparation

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STS and DOX HCl were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). All the chemicals used in the preparation of the physiologic salt solution were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) (NaCl, MgCl2, KCl, NaH2PO4, NaHCO3, glucose, CaCl2, KH2PO4, and EDTA).
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10

Functionalized Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery

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Nickel (II) acetylacetonate (95%), oleylamine, oleic acid, sodium citrate, DOX·HCl (98.0%), bovine serum albumin, glutaraldehyde, folic acid (98%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 99%), N-hydroxy succinimide (NHS, 98%), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDAC), sodium azide and mannitol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA); 1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA); methylene blue from Merck and Co. All other chemicals were analytical grade and used directly.
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