Rabbit anti eif2α

Manufactured by Cell Signaling Technology

Sourced in United States

Rabbit anti-eIF2α is a primary antibody that specifically recognizes the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (eIF2α). eIF2α is a subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2) complex, which plays a crucial role in the initiation of protein synthesis.

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EIF2α (268 citations) Anti-eIF2α (121 citations) Rabbit anti-phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) (11 citations) Rabbit anti-phosphor-eIF2α (3 citations) Rabbit monoclonal anti-p-eIF2α (2 citations) Rabbit anti-phospho-eIF2α antibody (2 citations) Rabbit polyclonal anti-Phospho-eIF2α (2 citations) Rabbit anti-Phospho-eIF2α 119A11 (2 citations) Rabbit anti-phospho eIF2α Ser51 antibody (2 citations) Rabbit anti-eIF2α antibody (2 citations)

19 protocols using rabbit anti eif2α

Immunoblotting Cytoskeletal Actin and Viral Proteins

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Rabbit anti-cytoskeletal actin (Bethyl Laboratories, Montgomery, TX, USA), Mouse anti-CVB3 VP1 (Dako, Copenhagen, Denmark), Rabbit anti-eIF2α (Cell signaling Technology, Inc.), Rabbit anti-phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) (Cell signaling Technology, Inc.) and Rabbit anti-ATF4 (CREB-2) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.) were used. The enhanced chemi-luminescence substrate femtoLUCENT™ PLUS-HRP (G-Biosciences, St. Louis, MO, USA) was applied and images of bands were captured using an ImageQuant™ LAS 4000 Mini system (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Little Chalfont, Buckinghamshire, UK). Quantification of band densities was performed using Image J software (NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA).

Kwon B.E., Song J.H., Song H.H., Kang J.W., Hwang S.N., Rhee K.J., Shim A., Hong E.H., Kim Y.J., Jeon S.M., Chang S.Y., Kim D.E., Cho S, & Ko H.J. (2016). Antiviral Activity of Oroxylin A against Coxsackievirus B3 Alleviates Virus-Induced Acute Pancreatic Damage in Mice. PLoS ONE, 11(5), e0155784.

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Tau Protein Immunodetection Assay

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MG-132 (474790; Calbiochem, Cambridge, MA), puromycin (P8833; Sigma-Aldrich) and Hoechst 33258 (H-3569; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) were purchased from the indicated companies. The following antibodies were used in this study: rabbit anti-Tau (sc-5587; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), mouse anti-Tau (TAU-5) (AHB 0042; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), mouse anti-phosphorylated Tau (AT8) that recognizes phosphorylated Ser202/Thr205 of human Tau (MN1020; Invitrogen), goat anti-TIA1 (sc-1751; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-TIA1 (ab40693; Abcam), rabbit anti-PABP (GR2766925-1, Abcam), mouse anti-eIF4E (610269; BD Transduction Laboratories, San Jose, CA), mouse anti-ataxin-2 (611378; BD Transduction Laboratories), rabbit anti-USP10 (A300-901A; Bethyl Laboratories, Montgomery, TX; HPA006731; Sigma-Aldrich), mouse anti-G3BP (611127; BD Transduction Laboratories), mouse anti-α-tubulin (D00028259; Calbiochem), rabbit anti-α-tubulin (GR3190631-1, Abcam), rabbit anti-eIF2α (9722; Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA), rabbit anti-phosphorylated eIF2α (9721; Cell Signaling), mouse anti-HA (3724; Cell Signaling), mouse anti-FLAG (cloneM2, 087K60021; Sigma-Aldrich) and mouse anti-β-actin (sc-47778; Santa Cruz Biotechnology).

Piatnitskaia S., Takahashi M., Kitaura H., Katsuragi Y., Kakihana T., Zhang L., Kakita A., Iwakura Y., Nawa H., Miura T., Ikeuchi T., Hara T, & Fujii M. (2019). USP10 is a critical factor for Tau-positive stress granule formation in neuronal cells. Scientific Reports, 9, 10591.

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Antibody Characterization and Validation

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Polyclonal rabbit antibodies were raised against the synthetic peptide NH₂-NPGLDARIPSLAELEC-CONH₂ of human B⁰AT1 and further affinity purified (Pineda, Berlin, Germany). Mouse anti-TMEM27 (Abnova, Taipei, Taiwan), mouse anti-EGFP (Clontech), rabbit anti-4E-BP1 (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, United States), rabbit anti-phospho-4E-BP1 (Thr70) (Cell Signaling), rabbit anti-eIF2α (Cell Signaling), rabbit anti-phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) (Cell Signaling), rabbit anti-ZO-1 (Life Technologies) and mouse anti-β-actin (Sigma-Aldrich) were used according to the manufacturers' instructions. Horse radish peroxidase goat anti-rabbit IgG and alkaline phosphatase goat anti-mouse IgG secondary antibodies were purchased from Promega (Dübendorf, Switzerland).

Torrente M., Guetg A., Sass J.O., Arps L., Ruckstuhl L., Camargo S.M, & Verrey F. (2014). Amino Acids Regulate Transgene Expression in MDCK Cells. PLoS ONE, 9(5), e96823.

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Quantitative Protein Expression Analysis

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Diluted protein lysate was mixed with fluorescent master mix and heated at 95 °C for 5 min. Three μL of protein mix (1 mg/mL maximal concentration) containing Protein Normalization Reagent, blocking reagent, wash buffer, target primary antibody (rabbit anti-eIF2α [Cell Signaling Technology 9721]) diluted 1:50, mouse anti-phospho-eIF2α [Cell Signaling Technology 2103] diluted 1:50, mouse anti-p21 antibody [Santacruz, sc-6246] diluted 1:50, rabbit anti-P54^nrb diluted 1:200 [Santacruz, sc-67016], rabbit anti-PSPC1 diluted 1:100 [bethyl laboratory, A303-205A], mouse anti-SFPQ diluted 1:100 [Abcam, Ab11825]; rabbit anti-FGF1 diluted 1:25 [Abcam Ab207321], rabbit anti-Nucleolin diluted 1:50 [Novus biological, NB600-241], secondary-HRP (ready to use rabbit or mouse ‘detection module’, DM-001 or αDM-002), and chemiluminescent substrate were dispensed into designated wells in a manufacturer-provided microplate. The plate was loaded into the instrument (Jess, Protein Simple) and proteins were drawn into individual capillaries on a 25 capillary cassette (12–230 kDa) (SM-SW004). Normalization reagent allow detecting total protein in the capillary through the binding of amine group by a biomolecule and to get rid of housekeeping protein that can arbor an inconsistent and unreliable expression. Graph plotted in Figures represent chemiluminescence value before normalization.

Godet A.C., Roussel E., David F., Hantelys F., Morfoisse F., Alves J., Pujol F., Ader I., Bertrand E., Burlet-Schiltz O., Froment C., Henras A.K., Vitali P., Lacazette E., Tatin F., Garmy-Susini B, & Prats A.C. (2022). Long non-coding RNA Neat1 and paraspeckle components are translational regulators in hypoxia. eLife, 11, e69162.

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Antibody-Based Protein Expression Analysis

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The detailed protocol has been published[24 (link)]. Primary antibodies used were rabbit anti-phospho-AKT (Ser473), rabbit anti-AKT, rabbit anti-phospho-FAK (Tyr397), rabbit anti-FAK, rabbit anti-eIF2α, rabbit anti-phospho-MEK1/2 (Ser217/221), rabbit anti-MEK1/2, rabbit anti-phospho-p38-MAPK (Thr180/Tyr182), rabbit anti-p38-MAPK, rabbit anti-phospho-Src (Tyr416), rabbit anti-Src (1:1000, Cell Signaling), goat anti-phospho-eIF2α (Ser51), rabbit anti-MMP2 (1:1000, Abgent), mouse anti-MMP9 (1:500, Abgent), rabbit anti-tubulin (1:1000, BioLegend). Secondary antibodies used were goat anti-mouse, goat anti-rabbit or donkey anti-goat IgG HRP conjugates (1:5000, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), accordingly. Relative levels from three independent experiments were presented as mean ± SEM.

Marín-Ramos N.I., Thein T.Z., Cho H.Y., Swenson S.D., Wang W., Schönthal A.H., Chen T.C, & Hofman F.M. (2018). NEO212 Inhibits Migration and Invasion of Glioma Stem Cells. Molecular cancer therapeutics, 17(3), 625-637.

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Molecular Profiling of Translation Regulation

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The following primary antibodies were used in this study: mouse anti-G3BP1 (Santa Cruz, sc-81940, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), goat anti-eIF4AI (Santa Cruz, sc-14211), mouse anti-eIF4E (P-2, Santa Cruz, sc-9976), rabbit anti-eIF4G (Cell Signaling #2498), goat anti-eIF3B (Santa Cruz, sc-16377), rabbit anti-Caprin1 (Proteintech, 15112-1-AP, Chicago, IL, USA), rabbit anti-phospho(S51)-eIF2α (Cell Signaling #9721), rabbit anti-eIF2α (Cell Signaling #9722, Danvers, MA, USA), rabbit anti-4E-BP1 (Cell Signaling, #53H11), rabbit anti-phospho-4E-BP1(Thr37/46) (Cell Signaling, #236B4), rabbit anti-AMPKalpha (Cell Signaling, #2603), rabbit anti-phospho-AMPKalpha (Cell Signaling, #2535), rat anti-tubulin (Abcam, #ab6160, Cambridge, UK), rabbit anti-Trx1 (FL-105, Santa Cruz sc-20146) (WB), rabbit anti-Trx1 (Cell Signaling #2429) (IF) and mouse anti-puromycin (Millipore MABE343).

Eiermann N., Stoecklin G, & Jovanovic B. (2022). Mitochondrial Inhibition by Sodium Azide Induces Assembly of eIF2α Phosphorylation-Independent Stress Granules in Mammalian Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(10), 5600.

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Molecular Mechanisms of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

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Primary antibodies used were as follows: mouse anti-XBP1s (Biolegend, 647502), rabbit anti-IRE1 (Cell Signaling, 3294), rabbit anti-PERK (Cell Signaling Technology, 3192), rabbit anti-eIF2α (Cell Signaling Technology, 5324), rabbit anti-p(S51)-eIF2α (Cell Signaling Technology, 3398), mouse anti-ATF6 (CosmoBio, BAM-73-500-EX), rabbit anti-NLRP3 D2P5E (Cell signaling technology, 13158), rabbit anti-NF-κB p65 (D14E12) (Cell signaling technology, 8242), mouse anti-IL-1β (R&D Systems, MAB601), rabbit anti-ASC (Santa Cruz, sc-22514-R), rabbit anti-caspase 1 (Santa Cruz, sc-622), rabbit anti-caspase-1 p10 (Santa Cruz, sc-515), TXNIP (Santa Cruz, sc-166234), and rabbit anti-Actin (Sigma, A2066). Secondary antibodies were horseradish peroxidase-tagged goat anti-mouse (Jackson Laboratories, 115-035-003) and goat anti-rabbit antibodies (Jackson Laboratories, 111-035-003). Tunicamycin (T7765), Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (P8139), LPS (L2630), and ATP (A6419) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich while nigericin (tlrl-nig) was obtained from Invivogen. IRE1 inhibitor MKC8866 was provided by Fosun Orinove.

Talty A., Deegan S., Ljujic M., Mnich K., Naicker S.D., Quandt D., Zeng Q., Patterson J.B., Gorman A.M., Griffin M.D., Samali A, & Logue S.E. (2019). Inhibition of IRE1α RNase activity reduces NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and processing of pro-IL1β. Cell Death & Disease, 10(9), 622.

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Immunoblot and Immunofluorescence Antibody Protocols

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The following antibodies were used for immunoblot analysis: rabbit-anti-IKK2 (CST-2678, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA), rabbit-anti-p-p65 (CST-3033, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA), rabbit-anti-p65 (sc-372, Dallas, TX, USA), chicken-anti-GFP (ab13970, Cambridge, UK), rabbit-anti-tubulin (ab6046, Cambridge, UK), rabbit-anti-PLP1 (CST-28702, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA), rabbit-anti-MOG (CST-96457, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA), rabbit-anti-MBP (CST-2396, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA), rabbit-anti-GAPDH (CST-3686, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA), rabbit-anti-p-eIF2α (CST-3597, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA), rabbit-anti-eIF2α (CST-5324, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA), rabbit-anti-ERK2 (sc-1647, Dallas, TX, USA).
For immunofluorescence, the following primary antibodies were used: mouse-anti-CC1 (OP80, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), mouse-anti-GSTπ (BD610719, BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), chicken-anti-GFP (GFP-1020, AvesLab, Davis, CA, USA), mouse-anti-GFAP (sc-33673, Dallas, TX, USA), rabbit-anti-NG2 (AB5320, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), rabbit-anti-MBP (Biolegend 836,504, San Diego, CA, USA), mouse-anti-Neurofilament-H (SMI32P) (Biolegend 801,701, San Diego, CA, USA), rabbit-anti-ß3-tubulin (Biolegend 802,001, San Diego, CA, USA), rabbit- anti RFP (abcam ab124754, Cambridge, UK).

Schlett J.S., Mettang M., Skaf A., Schweizer P., Errerd A., Mulugeta E.A., Hein T.M., Tsesmelis K., Tsesmelis M., Büttner U.F., Wendt H., Abaei A., Rasche V., Prex V., Nespoli E., Alami N.O., Tews D., Walther P., Yilmazer-Hanke D., Oswald F., Dimou L., Wirth T, & Baumann B. (2023). NF-κB is a critical mediator of post-mitotic senescence in oligodendrocytes and subsequent white matter loss. Molecular Neurodegeneration, 18, 24.

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Western Blotting Antibody Reagents

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Dimethyl sulfoxide was from Thermo Fisher Scientific (#BP231). Antibodies for western blotting were purchased from Sigma: rabbit anti-mGluR7a (#07-239, 1:2000 dilution) and mouse anti-puromycin (#MABE343, 1:1000 dilution); from Synaptic Systems: rabbit anti-mGluR7b (#191 203, 1:2000 dilution); from Proteintech: anti-GAPDH (#60004-1, 1:2500); from Thermo Fisher Scientific: rabbit anti-phospho-eIF2α (#MA5-15133, 1:1000 dilution); from Bioss: rabbit anti-PCDH7 (#bs-11085R, 1:1000 dilution); from Abcam: anti-phospho-eIF4E (#2069, 1:1000 dilution); from Cell Signaling Technology: rabbit anti-FMRP (#7104, 1:2500 dilution); rabbit anti-N-cadherin (#13116, 1:2500 dilution); rabbit anti-ERK1/2 (#4695, 1:5000 dilution); rabbit anti-phospho-ERK1/2 (#4370, 1:5000 dilution); rabbit anti-mTOR (#2972, 1:2500 dilution), rabbit anti-phospho-mTOR (#2971, 1:2500 dilution); rabbit anti-eIF4E (#2067, 1:2500 dilution); rabbit anti-eIF2α (#5324, 1:2500 dilution); rabbit anti-eIF4G (#2498, 1:2500 dilution). Secondary antibodies were from Cell Signaling Technology: anti-mouse HRP (#7076, 1:2500 dilution) and from Jackson ImmunoResearch: anti-rabbit HRP (#711‐035-152, 1:2500 dilution).

Kumar V., Lee K.Y., Acharya A., Babik M.S., Christian-Hinman C.A., Rhodes J.S, & Tsai N.P. (2024). mGluR7 allosteric modulator AMN082 corrects protein synthesis and pathological phenotypes in FXS. EMBO Molecular Medicine, 16(3), 506-522.

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Investigating Cellular Stress Responses

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Western blot analysis was conducted as previously described (Gao et al., 2010; Su et al., 2015). Briefly, HeLa cells were treated or untreated at 45°C for 45 min after the pretreatment with or without 2 μg mL⁻¹ Nocodazole for 2 h. The total cell lysates were harvested and subjected to SDS‐PAGE. The following antibodies were used: rabbit anti‐SND1 (ab65078, Abcam), mouse anti‐α‐Tubulin (T5168, Sigma), mouse monoclonal anti‐β‐actin antibody (A1978, Sigma Aldrich), rabbit anti‐eIF2α (#5324; Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA) and rabbit anti‐p‐eIF2α (Ser 51) (#3597; Cell Signaling Technology). The ImageJ 2X software (NIMH, Bethesda, MD) was used to measure the grayscale value of the band. The level of p‐eIF2α (Ser 51) was normalized to the total eIF2α protein.

Shao J., Gao F., Zhang B., Zhao M., Zhou Y., He J., Ren L., Yao Z., Yang J., Su C, & Gao X. (2017). Aggregation of SND1 in Stress Granules is Associated with the Microtubule Cytoskeleton During Heat Shock Stimulus. Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.j. : 2007), 300(12), 2192-2199.

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