D7500

We utilized a MedAmicus 4114UF Lumax Cystometry System (Enpath Medical, Minnesota) for uroflowmetry measurements. We employed a DEP-4000 DC Water Pump with Controller (Uniclife, Colorado) to generate controlled flows through 18 Fr silicone tube affixed to a cadaveric or 3D printed model. (Fig 1). Four varied flow scenarios were calibrated with target maximum flow rates of 7, 16, 22 and 30 ml/sec with varied flow patterns, respectively (S1 Appendix). These were selected to mirror flow patterns seen clinically. The flow rate target of 22 mL/sec was considered the ‘normal scenario.’ These flow scenarios were controlled by adjusting the digital pump via a timer, replicating each scenario during all experiments. In other words, the ‘bladder function’ was standardized for each scenario.
Each cadaveric specimen was affixed to the fluid pump and 3 identical experiments to test reproducibility were performed for each of the four flow scenarios. Uroflowmetry was recorded and spray patterns simultaneously captured by photo and video (Nikon d7500, New York). All four cadaveric specimens were used.

The FTIR spectra of the sample were recorded using a Bruker Vertex 80 spectrometer equipped with an ATR accessory from 700 to 4000 cm⁻¹. The thermal stability of the sample was recorded in a differential thermal analyser (STA6000, Perkins Elmer, Norwalk, CT, USA) under a nitrogen atmosphere, using a heating rate of 10 °C/min and the programmed temperature ranged from 30 °C to 800 °C. The morphology of the sample was recorded using a video recorder (D7500, Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Microstructural analysis of the cross-sections of samples was facilitated by use of an SEM (EVO, Zeiss, Heidenheim, Germany) with an accelerating voltage of 5 kV. Before testing, the film was gold coated.

HepG2 Cells (2000 cells per well) were seeded in 35 mm plates and incubated at 37 °C [43 (link)]. After overnight incubation, cells were treated with 200 μM I3C for 12 h. After replacing the medium, cells were incubated for 10 days. Plates were rinsed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, P1022, Solarbio, Beijing, China) and 2 mL of fixation reagent methanol was added for 15 min. Next, the cells were washed with PBS again and stained with 0.1% crystal violet (G1063, Solarbio, Beijing, China) for 10 min at room temperature. Plates were imaged using a digital camera (D7500, Nikon, Tokyo, Japan).

Photographs of the CDs-UPy macroscopic films under the ambient light and the ultraviolet lamp (365 nm) were taken by a digital camera (Nikon D7500). The morphology of the CDs-UPy macroscopic films was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The CDs-UPy films were freeze-fractured in the liquid nitrogen to obtain freshly fractured surfaces. The CDs-UPy films were sputtered with a thin layer of platinum prior to the SEM imaging. SU-8020 scanning electron microscope was used to obtain SEM images of the CDs-UPy films at an acceleration voltage of 5 kV. Swelling and dissolution of the CDs-UPy films were performed by immersing samples into 10 mL solvents separately, including ethyl acetate (EA), tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethyl ether (DEE), n-hexane (n-Hex), dichloromethane (DCM), acetone (DMK), ethanol (EtOH), toluene (TOL), acetonitrile (ACN), trichloromethane (TCM), and DI water at 25 °C for 24 h. The samples were taken out to weigh (m_swollen) after gently removing the excess solvents on the surface of the films with the filter paper. Subsequently, the samples were dried under vacuum at 60 °C for 24 h and weighed as m_dry. The swelling ratio and weight maintenance of the CDs-UPy films in different solvents were calculated based on the following equations: $\mathrm{Swelling}\mathrm{ratio}=\left(m_{\mathrm{swollen}}-m_{\mathrm{dry}}\right)/m_{\mathrm{dry}}$ $\mathrm{Weight}\mathrm{maintenance}=m_{\mathrm{dry}}/m_{\mathrm{initial}}$

To evaluate the effect of light on the fish growth, yolk utilization, and mRNA profile of appetite-controlling genes, fish samples were collected 1 and 3 weeks after the onset of exogenous feeding—830 dd (5 days after exogenous feeding started and some yolk sac remaining) and 991 dd (19 days after feed were introduced and fish yolk sac fully consumed) (Figure 1B). Three fish per tank (3 fish × 9 tanks) per sampling point [1 h before feeding (BF) and 0.5, 1.5, 3, and 6 h after feeding (AF) the first meal of the day (Figure 1C)] were collected and sacrificed with a lethal dose of MS-222 (200 mg/L). The fish were photographed (NIKON D7500) to measure standard length (SL), myotome height (MH), and yolk sac height, length, and surface area. The head was cut and transferred to RNAlater (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), kept at 4°C overnight, and stored at −80°C. In total, 270 fish were collected in the two sampling days.

At the first visit, patients with clinical features of OLP were subjected to single or multiple incisional biopsies for the histological confirmation of OLP. After the clinical and histological confirmation of the diagnosis of OLP, the patients were subjected to periodic follow-ups. Photographs were taken at each follow-up visit using the same equipment (Nikon D7500 and AF-S MICRO NIKKOR 105 mm 1:2.8 G, Nikon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) for the observation of a possible transformation or change of the disease. Based on the characteristics of the disease, the timing of the follow-ups was scheduled with a minimum of two follow-ups per year in the case of stable cases. In the case of the presence of erosive and/or atrophic lesions (acute phase), topical corticosteroid gels and prophylactic anti-fungal mouthwash were prescribed, and follow-ups were increased until the disease was stabilized and the chronic phase was attained. Clinical examination of the oral cavity, evaluation of the status of the documented lesions, and updating the patient’s medical record were performed at each follow-up. Single or multiple incisional biopsies were planned where modification of the clinical features was observed.