According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Edition 2015) [18 ], the dried root of each treatment specimen (three replications) was pulverized and sieved through a 300 μm mesh. A total of 1.5 g of powder of each sample was precisely weighed, added to 10 mL 0.1% NaHCO3 aqueous solution, and treated with ultrasound (30~40 °C, 700 W) for 20 min. Then, 40 mL methanol was added for ultrasonic treatment for 50 min. Filtrate was obtained by filtration of 0.22 μm Millipore filter unit, and 10 μL of sample solution was injected into HPLC for determination.
According to method of Chen et al. [19 (link)], the samples were analyzed by HPLC (Waters) using C18 (4.6 × 250 mm, 5.0 μm, Waters E2695, Milford, MA, USA) at 30 °C, and the content of metabolites was determined: The mobile phase was methanol −0.1% phosphoric acid (80:20). The flow rate was 1 mL·min−1. The detection wavelength was 254 nm.