Based on the American College of Sports Medicine’s standard for grading the intensity of aerobic exercise for healthy adults, combined with the research results from other scholars, participant heart rate while exercising should range between 60% to 70% of the maximum heart rate [24 , 25 (link)]. The aerobic exercise intervention was performed on a stationary bicycle ergometer (ergoline, 100K, Germany ). First, participants warmed up by pedaling for 5 min. The primary intervention began when the heart rate reached 60% to 70% of the maximum heart rate (calculated by subtracting participant age from 220) and lasted 20 minutes [26 (link)]. The heart rate was continuously recorded using a chest strap heart-rate monitor (Polar FT1, Polar Electro Oy, Finland). Participants took a 5-min rest after the primary intervention.
Polar ft1
Manufactured by Polar Electro
Sourced in Finland
The Polar FT1 is a heart rate monitor designed to track heart rate data during physical activity. It provides users with real-time heart rate information to help them monitor their exercise intensity.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Dinamap procare 100, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Electro oy, by Polar Electro (1 mentions)
Trueone 2400, by Parvo Medics (1 mentions)
Lode excalibur sport, by Lode Ergometry (1 mentions)
Set rad 5, by Masimo (1 mentions)
Truemax 2400 metabolic measurement system, by Parvo Medics (1 mentions)
Polar watch, by Polar Electro (1 mentions)
22 protocols using polar ft1
1
Aerobic Exercise Intensity Protocol
2
Physiological Measurements During Exercise
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Intermittent systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured using an automated sphygmomanometer (Dinamap Procare 100, GE Medical Systems Ltd., Buckinghamshire, UK). Intra-exercise heart rate was continuously monitored using short-range telemetry (Polar FT1 and T31, Polar, Kempele, Finland). Local forearm and calf skin temperatures were recorded using thermocouples (Grant Instruments, Sheppreth, Cambridge, UK). Whole-body thermal discomfort (0–9 scale) [18 (link)] and ratings of perceived exertion (6–20 scale) [19 (link)] were assessed during the last 5 min of exercise.
3
Aerobic Exercise for Schizophrenia
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This 12-week program included a 1 h session of aerobic exercise twice a week. It measures exercises by a digital rate monitor (POLAR FT1®, https://support.polar.com/e_manuals/FT1_FT2/Polar_FT1_FT2_user_manual_English/manual.pdf , accessed on 22 August 2022) with adjustment by age, sex, weight and height. Measurements ranged from 70% to 80% of maximum heart rates calculated by the Karvonen formula [26 (link)]. The session began with a 5 min warm-up of comfortable intensity and continued with an aerobic exercise of increasing intensity with any of the 3 modalities: 1. stationary bicycle (Embreex 367C, Brusque, Brazil), 2. Treadmill (Embreex 566BX, Brazil) or 3. Elliptical trainer (Embreex 219, Brazil). This strategy followed public health recommendations for adaptation to individual preferences in schizophrenia [9 (link),27 (link)]. A trained professional provided guidance, equipment adjustment and participant’s encouragement of the exercise performance. After aerobic exercise, participants performed large muscle stretching. Heart monitors recorded initial and maximum heart rate and calories expended during a session.
4
Effects of Training Protocols on Performance
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Two six-week training blocks separated the three testing phases (phase A, B, and C). The full protocol has been previously reported by Grace et al. (2015) (link), so training is detailed here briefly to avoid replication. During training block 1 (between testing phases A and B), SED underwent the physical activity guidelines of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise for 150min wk−1 (Riebe et al., 2015 (link)) of which was recorded through heart rate telemetry (Polar FT1, Polar, Kempele, Finland). During this time, LEX continued their habitual training which we monitored by heart rate telemetry. During training block 2 (between testing phases B and C), both groups underwent a HIIT program. Sessions consisted of efforts at 40% PPO for 30s with 3min recovery between each interval. Frequency of training was once every five days (i.e., nine HIIT sessions in total).
5
Aerobic Training Progression Protocol
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Aerobic training was performed on a treadmill and stationary bike in a randomized order, and the order of the equipment was alternated within the same session. The training intensity was monitored using a heart rate (HR) monitor (Polar FT1, Polar Electro, Kempele, Finland). The heart rate reserve (HRreserve) was calculated for each individual (HRreserve = maximum HR – resting HR). The maximum heart rate (MHR) was estimated with the equation 220bpm – age (years). The desired percentage of the HR reserve was then added to the resting HR value to determine the HR training. Volunteers were encouraged to remain at the prescribed HR training level, but fluctuations were allowed up to approximately ± 10 bpm. The progression of moderate intensity aerobic training based on the guidelines of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) [24 (link)] is described in Table 1 .
6
Chest-Worn Heart Rate Monitoring
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Heart rate monitors (Polar FT1, Polar Electro, Tampere, Finland) were attached around the chests of the participants with an elastic band. The reading given by the pulsometer when the subject immediately performed the 15th repetition of each series was recorded and stored for later analysis.
7
Heart Rate Monitoring During Exercise
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Heart rate monitors (Polar FT1, Polar Electro, Tampere, Finland) were attached to the chest of each participant. The heart rate was collected immediately after the completion of the last repetition of every set.
8
Maximal Oxygen Uptake Assessment Protocol
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Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) was determined using an incremental treadmill test (Desmo HP, Woodway GmbH, Weil am Rhein, Germany) to volitional exhaustion. The test was undertaken in normothermic laboratory conditions (18°C–22°C, 40%–60% RH). The test began at a speed of 10 km h−1 on a fixed 1% inclination. The treadmill speed was then increased at 1 km h−1 increments every three minutes until reaching 13 km h−1, when inclination was then increased by 2% every 2 min. Expired metabolic gases were measured continuously using a breath‐by‐breath metabolic cart (Metalyser 3B, Cortex). Heart rate (HR; Polar FT1, Polar Electro OY) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE; Borg, 1970 ) were measuring during the final ten seconds of each stage. The highest 30 s average V̇O2 was taken to be V̇O2max.
9
High-Intensity Interval Training Protocol
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All training was conducted with one‐on‐one supervision from trained research personnel who were experienced with our HIIT protocol and were closely supervised by study investigators to ensure intervention fidelity. Participants chose the mode of exercise (eg, cycling or walking). Cycling was encouraged, but if the participant did not feel as though they were able to cycle or preferred not to, the treadmill was supported. Each training session included a 3‐ to 5‐minute warm‐up of low‐intensity cycling or walking (depending on the chosen mode) followed by 10 repetitions of 1 minute of exercise at a given participant’s 90% VO2peak with 1‐minute rest periods. A complete rest period was used rather than low‐ to moderate‐intensity exercise to maximize effort on the work bout (and minimize additional joint stress) and maximize metabolite accumulation to support greater adaptations. The training occurred twice weekly for 12 weeks, with at least 24 hours in between training sessions, similar to prior protocols (41 (link)). Heart rate was monitored and recorded using chest strap heart rate monitors (Polar FT1, Polar USA). Participants were also instructed to keep outside activity consistent with what they were doing prior to study enrollment.
10
Cardiorespiratory Endurance Treadmill Test
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The cardiorespiratory endurance test was conducted using treadmill testing protocol.32 A polar heart monitor (Polar FT1; Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland) was used to monitor the heart rate response to the incremental exercise. The termination of the test was done as soon as the client reached the age-predicted maximum heart rate or once he/she achieved more than 17 on Borg’s rate of perceived exertion scale. The duration of total exercise before the participant stopped the exercise test was recorded, and peak VO2 values were estimated.
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