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23 protocols using ab51745

1

Analyzing HIF-1α and VEGF Expression

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Western blot was performed in cultured cells following various treatments. The protein lysates (1% NP40, 50 mM Tris, 5 mM EDTA, 1% SDS, 1% sodium deoxycholate, 1% Triton X-100, 1 mM PMSF, 10 mg/ml aprotinin, 1 mg/ml leupeptin, and pH = 7.5) were measured by Bradford assay and the same amount of proteins was resolved on SDS-PAGE followed by an electric transfer to a PVDF membrane. The blots were blocked by 5% non-fat milk and incubated with primary antibodies, including HIF-1α (ab51608, 1:1000; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, United States), VEGF (ab51745, 1:2000; Abcam, United States) and GAPDH (ab9484, 1:1000; Abcam, United States). The blots were then incubated by appropriate HRP conjugated secondary antibodies, and signals were visualized by an enhanced ECL-based imaging system.
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2

Immunohistochemical Analysis of ONECUT2 in Ovarian Cancer

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Immunohistochemistry was carried out as previously described.19, 20 The tumor tissue samples of ovarian cancer patients were provided by The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University (Guangzhou, China). For human ovarian cancer tissue, the primary antibody was rabbit anti‐human ONECUT2 polyclonal antibody (1:500 dilution, ab28466; Abcam). For tumor tissue of the mouse, the primary antibody was rabbit anti‐mouse CD31 polyclonal antibodies (1:50 dilution, ab28364; Abcam), rabbit anti‐mouse VEGFA polyclonal antibody (1:100 dilution, ab51745; Abcam), rabbit anti‐mouse HIF‐1α monoclonal antibody (1:200 dilution, 36169; Cell Signaling Technology), and rabbit anti‐mouse ONECUT2 polyclonal antibody (1:500 dilution, ab28466; Abcam). The biotinylated HRP‐conjugated secondary antibody was a goat anti‐rabbit IgG.
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3

Western Blot Analysis of EMT Markers

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Cells were washed three times using cold PBS and lysed in RIPA buffer with protease inhibitors. Approximate 0.03 mg of protein was separated with 10% SDS-PAGE gel and blotted into nitrocellulose membranes. Then membranes were blocked with 5% nonfat dried milk blocking buffer at room temperature for 1 h and incubated with diluted primary antibodies (1:1000) against GAPDH (#5174, Cell Signaling Technology, 1:1000), E-cadherin (ab15148, Abcam, 1:1000), α-catenin (ab51032, Abcam, 1:1000), Vimentin (#5741, Cell Signaling Technology, 1:1000), Fibronectin (ab2413, Abcam, 1:1000), VEGFA (ab51745, Abcam, 1:1000) and ANGPT2 (ab65835, Abcam, 1:1000) at 4 °C overnight. Then membranes were washed by TBST 3 times and incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:5000) at room temperature for 1 h. Protein bands were visualized by a Molecular Imager ChemiDoc XRS System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA) α-catenin.
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4

Comprehensive Protein Expression Analysis

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Western blot analysis was performed to detect the related protein levels [19 (link),20 (link)]. Tissues or cells were homogenized, boiled, separated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and transferred to PVDF membranes. Blots were probed with appropriate primary antibodies against FAM3A (MA5-24107, ThermoFisher; HPA056991, SAB4300968, Sigma), HIF1α (ab51608, Abcam), VEGFA (ab51745, Abcam), CREB (9197, Cell Signalling Technology (CST)), pCREB (Ser133) (9198, CST), COXIV (ab14744, Abcam), PPARγ (ab45036, Abcam), Flag (ab205606, Abcam) and β-actin (3700, Cell Signalling Technology) at 4 °C overnight. After washing, the membrane was incubated with the appropriate secondary antibodies. Image signals were detected using Image Lab software.
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5

Protein Expression Analysis Protocol

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Cell or tissue extracts were prepared, and protein concentration was measured using the bicinchoninic acid assay. Primary antisera against KLK6 (ab190924), MMP9 (ab137867), and VEGFA (ab51745) were all purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK) and used at a dilution of 1:1,000. The secondary antiserum (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) was used according to the manufacturer's instructions at a dilution of 1:4,000. ECL substrate kit (ZSBio, Beijing, China) was used for the detection of proteins.
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6

Endothelial Cell Marker Protocol

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Cell culture media, serum, and cell culture supplements were purchased from ATCC; Manassas, VA, USA, Millipore; USA, Invitrogen; NY, USA, and PAA; North America. Antibodies against VE‐cadherin (ab33168), Flk‐1 (ab9530), VEGFA (ab51745), STAT3 (ab119351), JAG‐1 (ab7771), NOTCH‐1 (ab27526), SMA; Smooth Muscle Actin (ab5831), and SM22 (ab14106) were purchased from Abcam; Cambridge, UK. The Antibody against GAPDH (sc‐25778) was purchased from Santa Cruz. Antibodies against CD31 were purchased from ABBIOTEC; San Diego, USA (250590) and Santa Cruz; Heidelberg, Germany (sc‐1506). The secondary antibodies for immunostaining anti‐mouse Alexa 488 and anti‐rabbit Alexa 488 were purchased from Invitrogen. The secondary antibodies for Western blotting were purchased from DakoCytomation; Glostrup, Denmark and Abcam. Recombinant mouse VEGF was purchased from R and D Systems; Abingdon, UK.
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7

Protein Extraction and Western Blotting

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Whole-cell protein and tissue protein extraction was isolated as described previously [33 (link)]. Western blotting were performed as previously described [33 (link)]. Antibody binding was revealed using an HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG or anti-mouse IgG (Sigma). Antibody complexes were detected using Immobilon Western Chemiluminescent HRP Substrate (Millopore) and exposure to X-Omat film (Kodak). Anti-hCCL28, anti-mCCL28 (Santa Cruz, sc-27341), anti-mVEGFa (Abcam, ab51745), anti-hHIF1α (Abcam, ab92498), and anti-mHIF1α (Abcam, ab187524).
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8

Immunohistochemical Analysis of VEGF Expression

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As per previous description [23 (link)], tumor tissues were removed, immobilized in 4% formaldehyde, dehydrated, embedded, and cut into sections. Sections were repaired with 10 mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0, Beyotime) for 15 min at 94°C and cooled to room temperature. Subsequently, sections were continuously sealed with1% bovine serum albumin (BSA, Beyotime) for 30 min and treated with primary antibodies (VEGF, 1 : 1000, ab51745, Abcam) and biotinylated secondary antibody. Next, after being rinsed with PBS for three times, sections were restained with hematoxylin and imaged with a light microscope (Olympus).
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9

Quantifying VEGFA Expression in AN3CA Cells

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AN3CA cells (1×104/group) transfected with vector for 96 h were fixed and stained with anti-VEGFA antibody (1:400, ab51745; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA). After three washes with PBS, cells were incubated with PE-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Nuclei were visualized viaDAPI staining and cells were observed under a fluorescence microscope.
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10

Evaluation of Angiogenesis Signaling Proteins

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All reagents and chemicals were ordered from Sigma–Aldrich or available elsewhere but with highest grade.
The antibodies for HIF1α (ab51608), VEGF (ab51745), and eNOS (ab66127) were ordered from Abcam (Cambridge, USA). Whereas PPAR‐γ (sc‐7273), p‐eNOS Ser 1177 (sc‐12972), rabbit anti‐mouse (sc‐358914), mouse anti‐rabbit (sc‐2357), and mouse anti‐goat (sc‐2354) were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX). The antibody for GAPDH (MAB374) was from EMD Millipore (Burlington, MA), and used for Western blots analyses as per the manufacturers’ protocols.
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