Sb203580 hy 10256

RevertAid First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit was purchased from Thermo Fisher, Inc. qPCR SYBR Green Master Mix (Q141) was purchased from Vazyme. 18:1 LPA (L7260) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. One step TUNEL apoptosis assay kit (C1080), cell mitochondria isolation kit (C3601), and Rhodamine123 (C2007) were purchased from Beyotime. Anti-Bcl2 antibody (ab182858), anti-Bax antibody (ab32503), anti-p-JNK antibody (ab124956), and anti-JNK antibody (ab179461) were purchased from Abcam. Anti-p-ERK1/2 antibody (AP0472), anti-ERK1/2 antibody (A10613), anti-p-p38 antibody (AP0056), and anti-p38 antibody (A10832) were purchased from ABclonal. Anti-GAPDH antibody (10494-1-AP), anti-cleaved caspase-3 antibody (66470-2-Ig), and anti-COXIV antibody (11242-1-AP) were purchased from Proteintech. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8, HY-K0301), LPA1 receptor antagonist (AM095, HY-16039; BMS986020, HY-100619), LPA2 receptor antagonist (HY-18075), ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126, HY-12031), p38 inhibitor (SB203580, HY-10256), and JNK inhibitor (SP600125, HY-12041) were purchased from MedChemExpress.

LPS (Escherichia coli, 055: B5) and DEX (SML0956) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (SML0956, St. Louis, MO, USA). Go6983 (HY-13689) and SB203580 (HY-10256) were obtained from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA). Anti-α-SMA (ab7817), p-PKC (ab63387) and anti-α_2A-AR (ab45871) antibodies were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Antibodies against vimentin (#5741), p38 (#9212S), p-p38 (#4511S), PKC (2683S) and GAPDH (#2118) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Beverly, MA, USA). Antibodies recognizing Smad 2/3 (sc-133098) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Antibodies against collagen I (WL0088), collagen III (WL03186), and p-Smad 2/3 (WL02305) were obtained from Wanleibio (Shenyang, China). Alexa Fluor 647-labeled goat antibody against mouse IgG (A21235), Alexa Fluor 488-labeled goat antibody against rabbit IgG (A21206), goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody (#31462) and goat anti-mouse IgG antibody (#31438) were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Logan, UT, USA). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for the detection of mouse TNF-α (MTA00B), interleukin (IL)-6 (M6000B) and IL-10 (M1000B) were purchased from R&D Systems (MTA00B, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

SH-SY5Y and HT-22 cell lines were purchased from DSMZ (Braunschweig, Germany); SK-N-AS cell line was purchased from Procell Life Science&Technology Co. (Wuhan, China). SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 (1:1), while HT-22 and SK-N-AS cells were cultured in DMEM (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) with 10% FBS (BI, Kibbutz Beit Haemek, Israel) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Invitrogen; Carlsbad, CA, USA) at 37 °C with 5% CO₂. Luteoloside (HY-N0540) and SB203580 (HY-10256) were purchased from MedChemExpress (MCE, Wuhan, China). Cells were treated with different concentrations of luteoloside (0, 12.5, 25, and 50 μM) for 24 h unless otherwise specified.