2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl dpph folin ciocalteu reagent

Butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane and vinylpyrrolidone copolymer were purchased from Pharma Special (São Paulo, Brazil). Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate and ethylhexyl dimethyl 4-aminobenzoic acid (ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA) were obtained from Fragon (São Paulo, Brazil). Phenoxyethanol/parabens and anhydrous citric acid were obtained from Vital Especialidades (São Paulo, Brazil). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, aluminum chloride hexahydrate (AlCl₃, 99%), gallic acid, (±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid-Trolox^®, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one and 3,3′,4′,5,6-pentahydroxyflavone (quercetin ≥ 95%) were from Sigma-Aldrich (São Paulo, Brazil). Sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, acetic acid and methanol were purchased from Synth (São Paulo, Brazil). Ethanol 96% (v/v) was purchased from LS Chemicals (São Paulo, Brazil), and distilled.

2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, formic acid, and sorbitol were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Spherical silica particles (surface area: 270–300 m²/g, particle size: 75–200 μm, total pore volume: 0.7–0.9 cm³/g, as specified by the manufacturer) were also obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, HPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, and hydrogen peroxide were purchased from Fischer Scientific Co. (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). Methoxy polyethylene glycol Silane-2000 and -5000 (mPEG–silane) were purchased from Laysan Bio (Arab, AL). Analytical reference materials were obtained as follows: Gallic acid, (+)-catechin, delphinidin chloride, p-coumaric acid, quercetin, and kaempferol were supplied from Millipore Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA); procyanidin B2, isoquercetin, malvidin chloride, and myricetin were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Water was purified using a Barnstead E-Pure system (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) with a resistivity of 18 MΩ-cm unless otherwise specified.