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8 protocols using diammonium hydrogen citrate

1

Optimizing Nitrogen Source Concentration for Microbial Growth

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The effect of different concentrations of N source was determined at 11.89, 27.84, 36.20 and 44.55 (g/L) of yeast extract (Ohly KAT, Germany). The concentration (g/L) of glucose was fixed at 20.0, sodium acetate at 5.0, diammonium hydrogen citrate at 2.0, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate at 2.0, Tween 80 at 1.0, magnesium sulphate heptahydrate at 0.2 and manganese sulphate tetrahydrate at 0.04, which followed the composition of MRS broth (Table 8; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). glucose, sodium acetate, diammonium hydrogen citrate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, Tween 80, magnesium sulphate heptahydrate and manganese sulphate tetrahydrate were purchased from Merck Company (Darmstadt, Germany). The experiment was performed in triplicate with 2 h sampling intervals.
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2

Analytical Grade Compound Procurement

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All chemicals were of analytical grade and were purchased from Merck and apart from Sucrose, Sodium oxalate and di-Ammonium hydrogen-citrate which were purchased from Carlo company.
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3

Analytical Grade Compound Procurement

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All chemicals were of analytical grade and were purchased from Merck and apart from Sucrose, Sodium oxalate and di-Ammonium hydrogen-citrate which were purchased from Carlo company.
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4

Preparing Heavy Metal Standard Solutions

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Lead and cadmium standard solutions (TraceCERT® 1000 mg/L) for AAS were purchased from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA). Concentrated nitric acid (65%), ammonium solution (25%) and diammonium hydrogen citrate were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Chloroform was purchased from LabScan (Bangkok, Thailand). Ammonium-1-pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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5

Synthesis and Characterization of Multifunctional Hydrogels

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All reagents were used as received unless otherwise stated. N-isopropylacrylamide, methacrylic acid (MAA), azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), diethyl ether (Et2O), bovine serum albumin (BSA), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), rhodamine isothiocyanate (RITC), hexamethylenediamine, N-[(1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-ylmethyloxycarbonyl]-1,8-diamino-3,6-dioxaoctane (BCN-NH2), 11-azido-3,6,9-trioxaundecan-1-amine (N3-NH2), bis-N-succinimidyl polyethylene glycol (NHS-PEG35), deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) (99.8 atom %), 4,7,10, 13,16,19,22,25,32,35,38,41,44,47,50,53hexadecaoxa-28,29-dithiahexapentacontanedioic acid di-N-succinimidyl ester (NHS-PEG16-DS), 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, glutathione (GSH), dithiothreitol (DTT), dihydroxyacetophenone (DHAP), diammonium hydrogen citrate (DAHC), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), glucose oxidase (GOx) (252100 U/mg), horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (172.2 U/mg), α-glucosidase (ALG,19.3 U/mg) and maltose were purchased from Sigma-Adrich. Acetonitrile, Amplex Red, DyLight 405 and Hoechst 33258 were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Hexanes and glucose was purchased from VWR. N-ethyl-N'-(3dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDAC) from Alfa Aesar, and N-[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]-Lalanyl-L-alanine (Fmoc-Ala-Ala-OH) was purchased from Bachem. Dialysis bags with MWCO 1,000 or 12,000-14,000 Da were purchased from Millipore.
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6

MALDI-TOF MS Protein Analysis Protocol

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2,5‐Dihydroxyactetophenone (2,5‐DHAP, Bruker Daltonik) was used as matrix for MALDI‐TOF MS. For solubilisation of the matrix, 7.6 mg of 2,5‐DHAP were dissolved in 375 μL of absolute ethanol. After this, 125 μL of an 18 mg mL−1 aqueous solution of diammonium hydrogen citrate (Sigma–Aldrich) were added.
Protein samples were desalted by chloroform/methanol protein precipitation as described elsewhere.29 The dried protein pellets were dissolved in 50–100 μL 0.1 % TFA solution. A 2 μL aliquot of this desalted protein sample was mixed with 2 μL of 2 % TFA solution. After addition of 2 μL of matrix solution, the mixture was pipetted up and down until the crystallisation started and the solution became cloudy. Finally, 0.5 μL of the crystal suspension was spotted onto the ground steel target plate and the droplet was air‐dried completely at room temperature.
Spectra were acquired with an autoflex II TOF/TOF (Bruker Daltonik) in positive linear mode in combination with the flexControl software (Version 3.3, Bruker Daltonik) and analysed with the flexAnalysis software (Version 3.3, Bruker Daltonik). Theoretical molecular weights were calculated using the Compute pI/Mw tool on the ExPASy Server.
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7

Sodium Oxalate Media Preparation

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Culture media containing 5, 10, 15 and 20 mmol/L sodium oxalate (MERK; Darmstadt, Germany) was prepared by adding 10 mL of the 0.46 μ filter sterilized sugar and ammonium oxalate solutions listed below to 10 mL base media proteose peptone no. 3 (MERK; Darmstadt, Germany), 10 g yeast extract (MERK; Darmstadt, Germany), 5 g Tween 80 (MERK; Darmstadt, Germany) 1 mL KH2PO4 (MERK; Darmstadt, Germany) 2 g Na acetate (MERK; Darmstadt, Germany) 5 g di-Ammonium hydrogen-citrate (MERK; Darmstadt, Germany) 2 g MgSO4.7H2O (MERK; Darmstadt, Germany) 0.05 g MnSO4 (Merck) 0.05 g water to 500 mL and sterilized at 121°C for 15 min.
For the preparation of 5, 10, 15 and 20 mmol/L sodium oxalate solutions, 13.39 g of Na2C2O4 (MW =133.96) transferred to a 100mL volumetric flask. Rinsed the boat into the flask through a funnel until the volume reaches to 100ml. It may need to heat this gently (NOT BOIL) to promote the dissolving. Then before autoclave sterilization of base media samples, a specified volume of sodium oxalate solution was added to the samples. The amount of sodium oxalate was derived from Eq 1:
C1V1=C2V2
C1V1 = Concentration/amount (start) and Volume (start)
C2V2 = Concentration/amount (final) and Volume (final)
The required volume of sodium oxalate solution with (20 mmol/L concentration) to the 10 ml base media derived from Eq. 1.
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8

Sodium Oxalate Media Preparation

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Culture media containing 5, 10, 15 and 20 mmol/L sodium oxalate (MERK; Darmstadt, Germany) was prepared by adding 10 mL of the 0.46 μ filter sterilized sugar and ammonium oxalate solutions listed below to 10 mL base media proteose peptone no. 3 (MERK; Darmstadt, Germany), 10 g yeast extract (MERK; Darmstadt, Germany), 5 g Tween 80 (MERK; Darmstadt, Germany) 1 mL KH2PO4 (MERK; Darmstadt, Germany) 2 g Na acetate (MERK; Darmstadt, Germany) 5 g di-Ammonium hydrogen-citrate (MERK; Darmstadt, Germany) 2 g MgSO4.7H2O (MERK; Darmstadt, Germany) 0.05 g MnSO4 (Merck) 0.05 g water to 500 mL and sterilized at 121°C for 15 min.
For the preparation of 5, 10, 15 and 20 mmol/L sodium oxalate solutions, 13.39 g of Na2C2O4 (MW =133.96) transferred to a 100mL volumetric flask. Rinsed the boat into the flask through a funnel until the volume reaches to 100ml. It may need to heat this gently (NOT BOIL) to promote the dissolving. Then before autoclave sterilization of base media samples, a specified volume of sodium oxalate solution was added to the samples. The amount of sodium oxalate was derived from Eq 1:
C1V1=C2V2
C1V1 = Concentration/amount (start) and Volume (start)
C2V2 = Concentration/amount (final) and Volume (final)
The required volume of sodium oxalate solution with (20 mmol/L concentration) to the 10 ml base media derived from Eq. 1.
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