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7 protocols using emparta acs

1

Fabrication of Lipid Bilayer Substrates

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1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocoline semisynthetic (≥99%, DPPC), 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (≥99%, DSPC), 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (≥99%, DMPC) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) lyophilized powder were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich Company (St. Louise, MO, USA) and used without further purification. Chloroform (99.0–99.4%), hydrogen peroxide (30–32%), sulfuric acid (95–97%, Emparta®ACS) and water LiChrosolv® for chromatography were obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany).
Immersion oil for microscopy (UN 3082-9, PG III) was purchased from Merck Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA). Uncoated N-BK7 right angle prism (15 mm) was acquired from Edmund Optics (Barrington, NY, USA). Gold targets of 99.99% purity (Ø 57 mm × 0.2 mm) for argon sputter deposition was obtained from Ted Pella products (Redding, CA, USA).
A p-type <100> orientation silicon wafer was acquired from Siegert Wafer GmbH (Aachen, Germany). Substrate characteristics are: resistivity 10–20 Ω cm, thickness 525 ± 20 µm, diameter 100 ± 0.3 mm, prime grade, CZ growth (Czochralski process), boron doping (P/B type), Single Side Polishing (SSP) with 2 Semi-standard flats, Total Thickness Variation (TTV) <5 µm, bow <30 µm, warp <30 µm, particles < 10 of 0.3 µm.
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2

Preparation of Polyphenol Solutions

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For the preparation of
all the solutions, Milli-Q grade water and ethanol absolute for analysis
(EMPARTA ACS, Merck Millipore) were used. The polyphenol trans-resveratrol ≥98% was obtained from Evolva. Naringenin (natural
(US), 98%) and p-coumaric acid ≥98% were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich. Butyl acetate purum
98.5% was obtained from Fluka.
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3

Lignin Characterization: Protocols and Methods

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Three different lignin samples were selected for this study. Softwood kraft Lignoboost was provided by Stora Enso (Finland). Hardwood birch lignin (Betula L.) was isolated using the BLN process, and obtained from CH Bioforce Oy (Espoo, Finland). Protobind 1000 was extracted from wheat straw by the soda process and acquired from GreenValue SA (Switzerland). Ethanol (Etax Aa, ≥99.5 %) was purchased from Altia Oy (Finland). Acetone for HPLC (≥99.9 %), acetyl bromide, vanillin, syringaldehyde, and citric acid monohydrate were acquired from Sigma‐Aldrich (Finland). Acetic acid (glacial) 100 % for analysis EMPARTA® ACS, Folin‐Ciocalteu reagent, and sodium carbonate were purchased from Merck (Finland). NMR solvent DMSO‐d6 was acquired from Eurisotop (Saint‐Aubin, France).
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4

Standardized Extraction of E. coca and S. molle

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The specimens of E. coca Lam. (coca) and S. molle L. (molle) were transferred and prepared at the facilities of the Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry of the UNMSM, where analytical control of the ethanol extraction was also performed (Analysis Protocol No. 00420-CPF -2018 and No. 00421-CPF-2018). Subsequently, the coca and molle leaves were separated from the stem, washed, and dried at room temperature. The leaves were placed in an oven at 40°C until they were completely dry for later grinding. Then 250g of each species were weighed; 1500mL of C2H5OH absolute ethanol (Merck EMPARTA ACS) was added to each amber bottle and macerated for 10 days. The extract was then filtered by vacuum filtration. The filtrate was poured into a drying dish and placed in an oven at 40°C for 3 days for concentration. The drying dish was removed from the stove on the last day, and the total content of 30g that was poured into an amber bottle was scraped off. Concentrations of 50% and 75% of the mass of coca leaf and molle extract were prepared and stored in individual jars and kept refrigerated [Figure 3].
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5

Polymer Blends Characterization

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Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) (Mv~18 kg/mol, Product Number: 200255, Sigma-Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI, USA), poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate) (PBT) (Mv~38 kg/mol, Product Number: 190942, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), poly(N,N′-hexamethyleneadipinediamide) (N6/6) (Mn~35 kg/mol, Product Number: 429171, St. Louis, MO, Sigma-Aldrich), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFP) (≥99%, Product Number: 105228, St. Louis, MO, Sigma-Aldrich, USA), dichloromethane (DCM) (EMPARTA® ACS, Product Number: 1.07020, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), anhydrous chloroform (for HPLC, ≥99.9%, Product Number: 650498, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), formic acid (FAc) (98–100%, UN-No. 1779, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and acetic acid (glacial, Product Number: 1.00063, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany).
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6

Willow Plant Biomass Characterization

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At harvest, (61 days
after planting (DAP)), the willow plants were cut directly above the
soil surface and separated into twigs and leaves using ceramic scissors.
Twigs and leaves were washed using lab water type 1. Roots were separated
from soil after partial drying in ambient conditions by gentle sieving
and manual picking before washing in lab water type 1 in an ultrasonic
bath. The washed plant materials were blotted on tissue paper and
dried at 65 °C for 72 h. Subsamples of 0.2 g were digested in
a mixture of 15.4 mol L–1 HNO3 (EMPARTA,
ACS, Merck, Vienna, Austria) and 9.81 mol L–1 H2O2 (TraceSELECT Ultra, Fluka, Sigma-Aldrich, Vienna,
Austria) (5:1, v/v) in a closed microwave digestion system (Multiwave
3000, Anton Paar GmbH, Graz, Austria). The digests were filtered using
45 μm filter paper (150 mm diameter 14/N, Munktell, Bärenstein,
Germany), collected and filled up to approximately 40 mL using lab
water type 1, weighed and analyzed using ICP-MS. Mean soil moisture
across all treatments and compartments was determined as 75% ±
6% WHC (w/w) at harvest. The soil pH at the time of harvest was measured
in a slurry of 10 g of air-dried soil and lab water type 1 at a soil:solution
ratio of 1:2.5 (w/v) after 2 h of equilibration.30
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7

Synthesis and Characterization of Epoxy Resins

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Guaiacol (natural; ≥99% FG), methyl Guaiacol (≥98%), vanillin (99% Reagent Plus), bisphenol A (97%) and diethylenetriamine (99%, Reagentplus) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Epichlorohydrin (ECH), sodium hydroxide 2-propanol (Emparta ACS) and sodium chloride were obtained from MERCK (Darmstadt, Germany). Glass samples were provided by Steklarna Hrastnik (Hrastnik, Slovenia). Commercial adhesives Araldyte 2028-1 and CHS Epoxy 510 were provided by Henkel (Düsseldorf, Germany). All materials and chemicals were used as received.
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