Bio tek elx800 universal microplate reader

The cytotoxic effect of the nanoparticles against the cells was measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (Dojindo Laboratories, Kumamoto, Japan) according to the manufacturer’s protocols. Briefly, cells were seeded in 96-well plates with a density of 5×10³ cells per well overnight. The cells were incubated with a series of concentrations of the nanoparticles or free salinomycin. After 48 hours or 72 hours, the cell proliferation was evaluated by adding 10 μL Cell Counting Kit-8 solution to each well of the plate. Two hours after incubation, the absorbance was measured at 450 nm/630 nm with the BIO-TEK ELx800 Universal Microplate Reader (BioTek, Winooski, VT, USA). The cell viability was calculated using the following formula:
$\left([{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{E}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{B}}]/[{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{E}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{B}}]\right)\times 100\%$ where A_E, A_C, and A_B are defined as the absorbance of experimental samples, untreated samples, and blank controls, respectively.

The cytotoxic effect of propranolol against the HemSCs was measured using a Cell Counting Kit-8 kit (CCK-8 kit; Dojindo laboratories, Kumamoto, Japan). Briefly, HemSCs (10,000 per well) were seeded at subconfluency on a fibronectin-coated 24-well plate in EGM-2 with 20% FBS. Four hours later, the media was removed and the cells treated with various concentrations of propranolol, PL, and PLIM. After a period of time, the cell viability was determined using the CCK-8 kit. Briefly, the cell viability was evaluated by adding CCK-8 (10 μL) solution to each well of the plate. After incubation for 2 h, the absorbance was measured at 450 nm/630 nm using a BIO-TEK ELx800 Universal Microplate Reader (Bio-Tek, Winooski, VT, USA). The cell viability was calculated using the formula: (A_E − A_B)/(A_C − A_B) ×100%. A_E, A_C, and A_B are defined as the absorbance of experimental samples, untreated samples, and blank controls, respectively. Untreated samples, defined as samples without any drug treatment, were used as negative controls.