Ultra pure udp galactose udp gal

C8 lactosyl(β)-ceramide (LacCer), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and cholesterol were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). Atto 647N 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) was obtained from Matreya (State College, PA, USA). Shiga toxin B-subunit (StxB) was kindly provided by enGenes Biotech (Vienna, Austria). UDP-Glo Glycosyltransferase assay kit and ultra-pure UDP-Galactose (UDP-Gal) were from Promega (Charbonnières-les-Bain, France). UDP-Gal for QCM-D analysis was purchased from Carbosynth (Compton, UK). HisTrap FF column was purchased from Cytiva (Marlborough, MA, USA) and Superdex 200 Increase 10/300 GL from GE Healthcare (Chicago, MA, USA). All other chemical reagents were of analytical or liquid chromatography grade.

Promega’s ‘Ultra-pure’ UDP-galactose (UDP-Gal) and UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) were used as sugar donors in UGT assays (Madison, WI, USA). Cyanidin chloride, peonidin chloride, malvidin chloride, quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, naringenin, catechin, epicatechin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, quinic acid, coumaric acid and ferulic acid standards were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All standards were of HPLC grade and diluted to 100 mM in DMSO and stored at –20 °C until use. Acetonitrile, methanol, and formic acid (LC-MS grade) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).