Jmp pro statistical software version 16

All data were statistically analyzed using the Student’s t test (ns=not significant, *P< 0.05, **P< 0.01, ***P< 0.001 and ***P< 0.0001) or two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (P< 0.05) using the statistical packages Prism GraphPad 6 or JMP Pro statistical software version 16 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, 1989–2021).

Continuous variables were summarized with means, standard deviations and medians. To compare plasma PFCA concentrations, concentrations below the limits of detection (LODs) were set as LOD/ $\surd 2$ . Calculated values between LODs and limits of quantification were used as they were since the most of values were larger than the limits. Two-tailed p-values < 0.05 were considered to represent statistical significance. However, it should not be interpretated as threshold of scientific significance [25 (link)]. Differences in the means were examined using ANOVA. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationships between plasma PFCA levels and other variables. Age and eGFR were considered for potential contributing factors on plasma PFCA levels while other variables were additionally considered if they were associated with plasma PFCA levels in univariate analyses. The analyses were performed using JMP Pro Statistical Software, version 16 (SAS institute, Cary, NC, USA).