L rhamnose fg

Participants orally ingested a standard sugar probe solution containing 5 g Lactulose (Lactulose Oral Solution, Sandoz) and 2 g _L‐Rhamnose (_L‐rhamnose FG, 99% pure, Sigma Aldrich) dissolved within 50 ml of plain water (osmolality = ~750 mOsm·kg^‐1) 10 min into the EHST. Probe concentrations were determined from serum samples collected immediately pre, 90 min (i.e., post‐EHST) and 150 min (i.e., 1‐hr post‐EHST) post‐probe ingestion following a previously described high performance liquid chromatography protocol (Fleming et al., 1996). The recovery of both sugars was determined per litre serum (mg L⁻¹). Calculation of the L/R ratio was corrected relative (%) to the concentration of sugar consumed. The limit of detection was 0.1 mg L⁻¹ and the laboratory reference coefficient of variation was 1.8%–8.5% for both probes (Fleming et al., 1996).